背景:自2010年代中期以来,对话人工智能(AI;聊天机器人)在医疗保健中的使用已经显著扩大,特别是在COVID-19大流行期间卫生系统负担增加以及与医疗保健提供者面对面咨询受到限制的情况下。对话AI的一个新兴用途是捕捉不断发展的问题,并传达有关疫苗和疫苗接种的信息。
目的:本系统评价的目的是检查有关对话AI在疫苗交流中的有效性的书面用途和证据。
方法:本系统评价是按照PRISMA(系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目)指南进行的。PubMed,WebofScience,PsycINFO,MEDLINE,Scopus,CINAHL完成,科克伦图书馆,Embase,认识论,全球卫生,全球指数Medicus,学术搜索完成,并在伦敦大学图书馆数据库中搜索了有关使用对话AI进行疫苗交流的论文。纳入标准是包括(1)用于疫苗交流的对话AI的记录实例和(2)对干预的影响和有效性的评估数据的研究。
结果:删除重复项之后,审查确定了496条独特记录,然后根据标题和摘要进行筛选,其中38项被确定为全文审查。七项符合纳入标准,并在本综述的结果中进行了评估和总结。总的来说,迄今为止部署的疫苗聊天机器人的设计相对简单,主要用于向用户提供事实信息,以回答他们关于疫苗的问题。此外,聊天机器人已经被用于疫苗接种计划,约会提醒,揭穿错误信息,and,在某些情况下,用于疫苗咨询和说服。现有证据表明,聊天机器人可以对疫苗态度产生积极影响;然而,研究通常是探索性的,有些缺乏对照组或样本量很小。
结论:该综述发现了对话AI对疫苗交流的潜在益处的证据。可能有助于疫苗聊天机器人有效性的因素包括它们实时提供可信和个性化信息的能力,聊天机器人平台的熟悉度和可访问性,以及与聊天机器人的互动对用户来说是“自然”的程度。然而,评估侧重于短期,聊天机器人对用户的直接影响。对话式AI的潜在长期和社会影响尚待分析。此外,现有的研究没有充分解决伦理学如何应用于围绕疫苗的对话人工智能领域。在可以预期疫苗通讯进一步数字化的背景下,所有这些领域都需要额外的高质量研究。
Since the mid-2010s, use of conversational artificial intelligence (AI;
chatbots) in health care has expanded significantly, especially in the context of increased burdens on health systems and restrictions on in-person consultations with health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. One emerging use for conversational AI is to capture evolving questions and communicate information about vaccines and vaccination.
The objective of this systematic review was to examine documented uses and evidence on the effectiveness of conversational AI for vaccine communication.
This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, Embase, Epistemonikos, Global Health, Global Index Medicus, Academic Search Complete, and the University of London library database were searched for papers on the use of conversational AI for vaccine communication. The inclusion criteria were studies that included (1) documented instances of conversational AI being used for the purpose of vaccine communication and (2) evaluation data on the impact and effectiveness of the intervention.
After duplicates were removed, the review identified 496 unique records, which were then screened by title and abstract, of which 38 were identified for full-text review. Seven fit the inclusion criteria and were assessed and summarized in the findings of this review. Overall, vaccine
chatbots deployed to date have been relatively simple in their design and have mainly been used to provide factual information to users in response to their questions about vaccines. Additionally, chatbots have been used for vaccination scheduling, appointment reminders, debunking misinformation, and, in some cases, for vaccine counseling and persuasion. Available evidence suggests that
chatbots can have a positive effect on vaccine attitudes; however, studies were typically exploratory in nature, and some lacked a control group or had very small sample sizes.
The review found evidence of potential benefits from conversational AI for vaccine communication. Factors that may contribute to the effectiveness of vaccine
chatbots include their ability to provide credible and personalized information in real time, the familiarity and accessibility of the chatbot platform, and the extent to which interactions with the chatbot feel \"natural\" to users. However, evaluations have focused on the short-term, direct effects of
chatbots on their users. The potential longer-term and societal impacts of conversational AI have yet to be analyzed. In addition, existing studies do not adequately address how ethics apply in the field of conversational AI around vaccines. In a context where further digitalization of vaccine communication can be anticipated, additional high-quality research will be required across all these areas.