自身免疫性大疱性疾病(AIBDs)的患者被认为是免疫受损的,因此,他们可能更容易感染严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2),并且结局较差.然而,AIBDs患者中SARS-CoV-2感染的风险和影响尚未完全了解.因此,我们旨在调查SARS-CoV-2感染的危险因素以及SARS-CoV-2对AIBDs患者的影响。从2022年12月到2023年1月,所有访问我们诊所的AIBDs患者都参加了这项研究。同时,基于网络的问卷和远程培训被用作补充。有关患者人口统计学的信息,合并症,SARS-CoV-2感染,接种疫苗,收集和分析AIBD状态和治疗方法。SARS-CoV-2感染的诊断是基于阳性聚合酶链反应试验,和/或抗原测试,或出现典型症状并伴有流行病学史。最后,纳入95例AIBDs患者,天疱疮47例,类天疱疮48例,73人的症状与2019年冠状病毒病一致。SARS-CoV-2感染后常见症状为发热(80.8%),疲劳(75.0%),咳嗽(71.2%),肌肉/关节痛(49.3%),喉咙痛(45.2%)。SARS-CoV-2感染和无症状患者之间没有发现显着差异。高血压患者(p=0.034),高脂血症(p=0.017),或两种以上合并症(p=0.011)更有可能在感染后发展为肺炎。未达到疾病控制(p=0.045)或口服皮质类固醇剂量≥15mg/天(p=0.024)的天疱疮患者和病程≥2年的类天疱疮患者(p=0.037)更容易发生AIBDs加重。总之,AIBDs患者通常易患SARS-CoV-2感染.患有新诊断的AIBDs的人,不受控制的疾病,和更高的皮质类固醇剂量更容易发生疾病恶化。
Patients with autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs) are considered to be immunocompromised and, consequently, they may be more susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and have poorer outcomes. However, the risk and repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with AIBDs have not been fully understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on patients with AIBDs. From December 2022 to January 2023, all patients with AIBDs who visited our clinic were enrolled in this study. Meanwhile, web-based questionnaires and telesurveys were used as supplements. Information about patients\' demographics, comorbidities, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and vaccination, as well as AIBD status and treatments were collected and analyzed. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was based on a positive polymerase chain reaction test, and/or an antigen test, or the presence of typical symptoms in conjunction with an epidemiological history. Finally, 95 patients with AIBDs were enrolled, including 47 cases of pemphigus and 48 cases of pemphigoid cases, and 73 had symptoms consistent with coronavirus disease 2019. Common symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection were fever (80.8%), fatigue (75.0%), cough (71.2%), muscle/joint pain (49.3%), and sore throat (45.2%). No significant differences were found between SARS-CoV-2-infected and asymptomatic patients. Patients who had hypertension (p = 0.034), hyperlipidemia (p = 0.017), or more than two comorbidities (p = 0.011) were more likely to develop pneumonia after infection. Patients with pemphigus who did not achieve disease control (p = 0.045) or had an oral corticosteroid dose ≥15 mg/day (p = 0.024) and patients with pemphigoid with a disease duration ≥2 years (p = 0.037) were more prone to AIBDs aggravation. In conclusion, patients with AIBDs are generally susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Individuals with newly diagnosed AIBDs, uncontrolled disease, and a higher corticosteroid dose are more susceptible to disease exacerbation.