桃是我国重要的风行水果作物之一。由于炭疽病的发作,桃子的种植受到阻碍,造成重大经济损失。果炭疽病和siamense炭疽病属于炭疽病种复合体,被认为是桃炭疽病的主要病原体。施用不同组的杀菌剂是控制这种疾病的常规方法。然而,杀菌剂抗性是目前处理桃子炭疽病的一个显著缺点。在这项研究中,从中国各省的不同地点收集了39株果穗梭菌和41株果穗梭菌。果蝇和果蝇对一些常用杀菌剂的敏感性,即,多菌灵,异丙二酮,氟吡仑,和丙环唑,已确定。从广东省收集的所有果果梭菌分离株对多菌灵均表现出较高的抗性,而从贵州省收集的分离株是敏感的。在C.siamense,从河北省收集的分离株表现出中等抗性,山东省对多菌灵敏感。另一方面,所有分离的果蝇和siamense对双卡肟(DCF)杀真菌剂异丙二酮和琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂(SDHI)杀真菌剂氟吡仑均显示出高抗性。然而,它们都对去甲基化抑制剂(DMI)杀菌剂丙环唑敏感。在多菌灵和苯菌灵之间观察到正交叉抗性,因为它们是相同的甲基苯并咪唑氨基甲酸酯(MBC)基团的成员。而在不同的杀菌剂组之间没有观察到敏感性的相关性。在两个物种中,多菌灵抗性和敏感分离株之间的每个适应度参数均未发现显着差异。β-微管蛋白2(TUB2)基因的分子表征表明,在果蝇中,E198A点突变是对多菌灵高抗性的决定因素,而F200Y点突变与C.siamense对多菌灵的中度抗性有关。根据这项研究的结果,MDI杀菌剂,例如,丙环唑或丙氯胺可用于控制桃子炭疽病,特别是在病原体已经对多菌灵和其他杀真菌剂产生抗性的地方。
Peach is one of the popular and economically important fruit crops in
China. Peach cultivation is hampered due to attacks of anthracnose disease, causing significant economic losses. Colletotrichum fructicola and Colletotrichum siamense belong to the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex and are considered major pathogens of peach anthracnose. Application of different groups of fungicides is a routine approach for controlling this disease. However, fungicide resistance is a significant drawback in managing peach anthracnose nowadays. In this study, 39 isolates of C. fructicola and 41 isolates of C. siamense were collected from different locations in various provinces in
China. The sensitivity of C. fructicola and C. siamense to some commonly used fungicides, i.e., carbendazim, iprodione, fluopyram, and propiconazole, was determined. All the isolates of C. fructicola collected from Guangdong province showed high resistance to carbendazim, whereas isolates collected from Guizhou province were sensitive. In C. siamense, isolates collected from Hebei province showed moderate resistance, while those from Shandong province were sensitive to carbendazim. On the other hand, all the isolates of C. fructicola and C. siamense showed high resistance to the dicarboximide (DCF) fungicide iprodione and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide fluopyram. However, they are all sensitive to the demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide propiconazole. Positive cross-resistance was observed between carbendazim and benomyl as they are members of the same methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) group. While no correlation of sensitivity was observed between different groups of fungicides. No significant differences were found in each fitness parameter between carbendazim-resistant and sensitive isolates in both species. Molecular characterization of the β-tubulin 2 (TUB2) gene revealed that in C. fructicola, the E198A point mutation was the determinant for the high resistance to carbendazim, while the F200Y point mutation was linked with the moderate resistance to carbendazim in C. siamense. Based on the results of this study, DMI fungicides, e.g., propiconazole or prochloraz could be used to control peach anthracnose, especially at locations where the pathogens have already developed the resistance to carbendazim and other fungicides.