OBJECTIVE: Quantitative comparison of the diagnostic efficacy of conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in differentiating between chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) from renal oncocytoma (RO).
METHODS: A total of 48 patients with renal tumours who had undergone DWI and IVIM were divided into two groups-ChRCC (n = 28) and RO (n = 20) groups, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), true diffusivity (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f) and their diagnostic efficacy were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS: The D* values were higher in the ChRCCs group compared to the RO groups (0.019 ± 0.003 mm2/s vs 0.008 ± 0.002 mm2/s, P < .05). Moreover, the ADC, D and f values were higher in ROs compared to ChRCCs (0.61 ± 0.08 × 10-3 mm2/s vs 0.51 ± 0.06 × 10-3 mm2/s, 1.02 ± 0.15 × 10-3 mm2/s vs 0.86 ± 0.07 × 10-3 mm2/s, 0.41 ± 0.05 vs 0.28 ± 0.02, P < .05). The areas of the ADC, D, D* and f values under the ROC curves in differentiating ChRCCs from ROs were 0.713, 0.839, 0.856 and 0.906, respectively. The cut-off values of ADC, D, D* and f were 0.54, 0.91, 0.013 and 0.31, respectively. The AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the f values were 0.906, 89.3%, 80.0% and 89.6%, respectively. For pairwise comparisons of ROC curves and diagnostic efficacy, IVIM parameters, that is, D, D* and f offered better diagnostic accuracy than ADC in differentiating ChRCCs from ROs (P = .013, .016, and .008) with f having the highest diagnostic accuracy.
CONCLUSIONS: IVIM parameters presented better performance than ADC in differentiating ChRCCs from ROs.
CONCLUSIONS: (1) D* values of ChRCCs were higher, while ADC, D and f values were lower than those of RO tumours. (2) f values had the highest diagnostic efficacy in differentiating ChRCC from RO. (3) IVIM parameters, that is, D, D* and f offered better diagnostic accuracy than ADC in differentiating ChRCC from RO (P=.013, .016, and .008).

Oncocytoma is a benign tumor of the salivary gland. Its incidence is very low and very seldom documen-ted in literature. Clear-cell dominant oncocytoma is even less common. The tumor\'s clinical symptoms and imaging results are nonspecific, so distinguishing other salivary gland tumors (such as oncocytic carcinoma) from clear-cell renal carcinoma is difficult, possibly leading to misdiagnosis and maltreatment. Here, a case of clear-cell dominant oncocytoma was presented, and the relevant literature was evaluated to investigate the diagnosis and management of clear-cell dominant oncocytoma.
腮腺嗜酸细胞腺瘤是一种涎腺良性肿瘤，其发病率低，既往文献少有报道，而以透明细胞为主型的嗜酸细胞腺瘤病例报道更为少见。该肿瘤临床表现及影像学检查无特异性，在诊疗中与涎腺其他肿瘤如嗜酸细胞癌以及转移性肾透明细胞癌鉴别困难，易导致误诊误治。为探讨涎腺透明细胞为主型嗜酸细胞腺瘤的诊断和治疗，提高对该肿瘤的临床病理组织学特征的认识，现报告1例腮腺透明细胞为主型嗜酸细胞腺瘤病例，并对以往相关文献进行回顾复习。.

暂无摘要。

Current guidelines lack a standardized management for patients with family history of thyroid carcinoma (fTC),particularly benign thyroid neoplasm (fBTN). Our objective was to investigate the influence of various family histories on the selection of surgical approaches and disease-free survival (DFS).
A cohort study was conducted involving 2261 patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma including those with fTC (n=224), fBTN (n=122), and individuals without a family history of thyroid carcinoma (nfTC; n=1915). Clinicopathological characteristics were collected. DFS was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and factors affecting DFS were identified using Cox proportional hazard model.
Compared to nfTC, small tumor size, clinically lymph node-positive, extrathyroidal extension, vascular invasion, Hashimoto\'s disease and nodular goiter were more common in fTC and fBTN groups. They had lower T stage and a lower rate of good response to TSH suppression therapy but received more radioiodine therapy. It is worth noting that fTC is associated with male, bilateral and multifocal tumors, as well as central lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. Both fTC (aHR = 2.45, 95% CI=1.11-5.38; P = 0.03) and fBTN (aHR = 3.43, 95% CI=1.27-9.29; P = 0.02) were independent predictors of DFS in patients who underwent lobectomy, but not total thyroidectomy. For 1-4 cm thyroid carcinomas with clinically node-negative, fTC was identified as an independent predictor, whereas fBTN was not.
Our findings indicate that a family history, particularly of malignancy, is associated with a more aggressive disease. Family history does not affect the prognosis of patients who undergo total thyroidectomy, but it may increase the risk of postoperative malignant events in those who have a lobectomy. Additionally, it may be necessary to monitor individuals with a family history of benign thyroid neoplasms.

Renal oncocytoma is a benign renal neoplasm which has mostly been reported in adults. Occurrence in children is infrequent. To date, there are only six pediatric cases of renal oncocytoma reported previously. Herein, we report a 13-year-old girl presented with hematuria for a week. Abdominal computed tomography showed a well-defined heterogeneous solid mass with a stellate central scar in the left kidney. The patient underwent a nephron sparing surgery. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the diagnosis of renal oncocytoma. Though uncommon, renal oncocytoma should be considered as the differential diagnosis of renal tumor in children. In addition, intranuclear inclusions were firstly described in this pediatric patient with unclear significance, which need a large cohort to summarize and analyze.

To evaluate the potential of quantitative measurements on contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) in differentiating small (≤4 cm) clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from benign renal tumors, including fat-poor angiomyolipoma (fpAML) and renal oncocytoma (RO).
244 patients with pathologically confirmed ccRCC (n = 184) and benign renal tumors (fpAML, n = 50; RO, n = 10) were randomly assigned into training cohort (n = 193) and test cohort 1 (n = 51), while external test cohort 2 (n = 50) was from another hospital. Quantitative parameters were obtained from CECT (unenhanced phase, UP; corticomedullary phase, CMP; nephrographic phase, NP; excretory phase, EP) by measuring attenuation of renal mass and cortex and subsequently calculated. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between these parameters and ccRCC. Finally, the constructed models were compared with radiologists\' diagnoses.
In univariable analysis, UP-related parameters, particularly UPC-T (cortex minus tumor attenuation on UP), demonstrated AUC of 0.766 in training cohort, 0.901 in test cohort 1, 0.805 in test cohort 2. The heterogeneity-related parameter SD (standard deviation) showed AUC of 0.781, 0.834, and 0.875 respectively. In multivariable analysis, model 1 incorporating UPC-T, NPC-T (cortex minus tumor attenuation on NP), CMPT-UPT (tumor attenuation on CMP minus UP), and SD yielded AUC of 0.866, 0.923, and 0.949 respectively. When compared with radiologists, multivariate models demonstrated higher accuracy (0.800-0.860) and sensitivity (0.794-0.971) than radiologists\' assessments (accuracy: 0.700-0.720, sensitivity: 0.588-0.706).
Quantitative measurements on CECT, particularly UP- and heterogeneity-related parameters, have potential to discriminate ccRCC and benign renal tumors (fpAML, RO).

To investigate different radiomics models based on single phase and the different phase combinations of radiomics features from 3D tri-phasic CT to distinguish RO from chRCC.
A total of 96 patients (30 RO and 66 chRCC) were enrolled in this study. Radiomics features were extracted from unenhanced phase (UP), corticomedullary phase (CMP), and nephrographic phase (NP) CT images. Feature selection was based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) method. The selected features were used to develop different radiomics models using logistic regression (LR) analysis, including model 1 (UP), model 2(CMP), model 3(NP), model 4(UP+CMP), model 5(UP+NP), model 6(CMP+NP), and model 7(UP+CMP+NP). The radiomics model demonstrating the highest discrimination performance was utilized to construct the combined model (model 8) with clinical factors. A nomogram based on the model 8 was established. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the different models, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used. Delong\'s test was utilized to assess the statistical significance of the AUC improvement across the models.
Among the seven radiomics models, model 7 exhibited the highest AUC of 0.84 (95% CI 0.69, 0.99), and model 7 demonstrated a significantly superior AUC compared to the other radiomics models (all P < 0.05). The AUC values of radiomics models based on two phases (model4, mode5, mode6) were greater than the models based on single phase (model1, mode2, mode3) (all P < 0.05). Model 3 illustrated the best performance of the three radiomics models based on single phase with an AUC of 0.76 (95% CI 0.57, 099). Model 6 illustrated the best performance of the three radiomics models based on two-phases combination with an AUC of 0.83 (0.66, 0.99). Model 8 achieved an AUC of 0.93 (95% CI 0.83, 1.00) which is higher than those all radiomics models.
Radiomics models based on combination of radiomics features from UP, CMP, and NP can be a useful and promising technique to differentiate RO from chRCC. Moreover, the model combining clinical factors and radiomics features showed better classification performance to distinguish them.

暂无摘要。

UNASSIGNED: Renal oncocytosis is a very rare oncologically indolent form of renal neoplasia characterized by diffuse involvement of renal parenchyma by numerous oncocytic nodules. We describe contrast-enhanced CT and 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT findings in a patient with renal oncocytosis presenting with metachronous bilateral renal tumors. Contrast-enhanced CT showed numerous tumors ranging from several millimeters up to 3.9 cm in the left kidney. The tumors showed hypervascularity in the corticomedullary phase and washout in the excretory phase mimicking renal cell carcinoma. The larger tumors showed higher 99m Tc-MIBI uptake than the adjacent renal parenchyma, suggesting renal oncocytoma confirmed by biopsy.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the diagnostic efficacy of MR texture analysis and imaging signs in the differentiation of renal oncocytoma from renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
METHODS: From January 2015 to March 2019, a total of 168 localized solid renal masses (37 oncocytomas, 131 RCCs) were retrospectively included. Two radiologists reviewed complete MR images and recorded imaging presentation. Texture parameters were extracted from 3D ROIs on axial FSE-T2WI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used for feature selection and nomogram construction. The diagnostic performances were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
RESULTS: Cystic change, hemorrhage, SEI and four texture parameters significantly correlated with oncocytoma in the training cohort. For differentiating oncocytoma from RCC, the nomogram yielded an AUC of 0.874 in the training cohort and 0.830 in the testing cohort. For differentiating oncocytoma from chRCC, the nomogram had an AUC of 0.889 in the training cohort and 0.861 in the testing cohort. For differentiating oncocytoma from pRCC, the nomogram had an AUC of 0.932 in the training cohort and 0.792 in the testing cohort. For differentiating oncocytoma from ccRCC, the nomogram had an AUC of 0.829 in the training cohort and 0.813 in the testing cohort.
CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic nomogram combining MR texture parameters with imaging signs performed well in differentiating oncocytomas with localized RCC and its subtypes.
CONCLUSIONS: Few articles reported using the combination of MR texture analysis with imaging signs in differentiating RCC from oncocytoma. Our study established a useful nomogram in subtype characterization.