塑料污染是过去两个世纪以来最严重的环境问题之一,由于它们的过度使用和迅速增加的产量,克服了自然退化的能力。此外,这个问题成为由于处置不当而导致的不断升级的环境问题,无效或不存在的废物收集方法,缺乏适当的措施来解决这个问题,如焚烧和填埋。因此,塑料废物已经变得如此无处不在,并在影响生态系统和野生动物的环境中积累。以上,迫切需要探索可以有效减少浪费而不会造成恶劣环境后果的替代方法。例如,白腐真菌是解决这一问题的有希望的替代方法。这些真菌产生能够分解塑料分子结构的木质素分解酶,使它们更具生物可利用性,并允许它们的降解过程,从而减少废物积累。多年来,一些研究集中在利用白腐真菌降解塑料。这篇综述概述了白腐真菌的塑料降解生物化学及其木质素分解酶的功能。它还包括一系列涉及白腐真菌降解塑料的不同研究研究,他们的酶,使用的技术和获得的结果。此外,这突出了预处理和研究与天然纤维或金属离子的塑料混合物的重要性,表现出更高的降解水平。最后,它提出了生物技术过程的局限性和未来研究的前景。
Plastic pollution is one of the most environmental problems in the last two centuries, because of their excessive usage and their rapidly increasing production, which overcome the ability of natural degradation. Moreover, this problem become an escalating environmental issue caused by inadequate disposal, ineffective or nonexistent waste collection methods, and a lack of appropriate measures to deal with the problem, such as incineration and landfilling. Consequently, plastic wastes have become so ubiquitous and have accumulated in the environment impacting ecosystems and wildlife. The above, enhances the urgent need to explore alternative approaches that can effectively reduce waste without causing harsh environmental consequences. For example, white-rot fungi are a promising alternative to deal with the problem. These fungi produce ligninolytic enzymes able to break down the molecular structures of plastics, making them more bioavailable and allowing their degradation process, thereby mitigating waste accumulation. Over the years, several research studies have focused on the utilization of white-rot fungi to degrade plastics. This
review presents a summary of plastic degradation biochemistry by white-rot fungi and the function of their ligninolytic enzymes. It also includes a collection of different research studies involving white-rot fungi to degrade plastic, their enzymes, the techniques used and the obtained results. Also, this highlights the significance of pre-treatments and the study of plastic blends with natural fibers or metallic ions, which have shown higher levels of degradation. Finally, it raises the limitations of the biotechnological processes and the prospects for future studies.