背景:随着疫苗推广在全球范围内继续作为保护人类免受SARS-CoV-2的努力的一部分,人们越来越关注疫苗诱导的免疫持续时间。对这些问题的回应对于确定是否,when,以及在完全接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后谁需要加强剂量。然而,关于疫苗诱导的抗SARS-CoV-2免疫的持久性的综合研究很少。这项系统评价综合了有关SARS-CoV-2全面接种疫苗后免疫持续时间的全球证据。
方法:我们搜索了心理信息,WebofScience,Scopus,谷歌学者,PubMed,和WHOCOVID-19数据库在2021年12月之前发表的相关研究。在审查纳入研究时使用了五个合格标准。纳入研究的质量是根据JoanaBriggs研究所(JBI)的关键评估工具和Cochrane的偏见风险工具版本2(RoB2)进行评估的。而结果的报告遵循无荟萃分析综合(SWiM)指南。
结果:666项确定的研究中有27项符合纳入标准。研究结果表明,疫苗诱导的对SARS-CoV-2感染的保护作用在第一剂疫苗后迅速建立,并在第二剂疫苗后4至42天内达到峰值,在随后的几个月开始衰落之前,通常从3到24周。疫苗诱导的抗体反应水平在不同的人口统计学和人群特征中有所不同,并且与免疫抑制疾病相比,没有报告潜在健康状况的人更高。
结论:针对SARS-CoV-2的免疫力下降早在完全接种疫苗后的第一个月开始,这种下降一直持续到第六个月,此时免疫力水平可能无法提供针对SARS-CoV-2的足够保护。虽然本综述中合成的证据可以有效地告知和形成关于加强剂量管理的疫苗政策,更多的证据,尤其是临床试验,仍然需要确定,以更高的精度,不同疫苗类型提供的确切免疫持续时间,跨越不同的人口特征,和不同的漏洞参数。
背景:本次审查的方案已在国际前瞻性系统审查登记册[PROSPERO](注册ID:CRD420212818)预先注册。
BACKGROUND: As vaccine roll-out continues across the globe as part of the efforts to protect humanity against SARS-CoV-2, concerns are increasingly shifting to the duration of vaccine-induced immunity. Responses to these concerns are critical in determining if, when, and who will need booster doses following full vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. However, synthesised studies about the durability of vaccine-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 are scarce. This systematic
review synthesised available global evidence on the duration of immunity following full vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
METHODS: We searched through Psych Info, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and WHO COVID-19 databases for relevant studies published before December 2021. Five eligibility criteria were used in scrutinising studies for inclusion. The quality of the included studies was assessed based on Joana Briggs Institute\'s (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool and Cochrane\'s Risk of Bias tool-version 2 (RoB 2), while the reporting of the results was guided by the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines.
RESULTS: Twenty-seven out of the 666 identified studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings showed that vaccine-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections builds rapidly after the first dose of vaccines and peaks within 4 to 42 days after the second dose, before
waning begins in subsequent months, typically from 3 to 24 weeks. Vaccine-induced antibody response levels varied across different demographic and population characteristics and were higher in people who reported no underlying health conditions compared to those with immunosuppressed conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: Waning of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 begins as early as the first month after full vaccination and this decline continues till the sixth month when the level of immunity may not be able to provide adequate protection against SARS-CoV-2. While the evidence synthesised in this
review could effectively inform and shape vaccine policies regarding the administration of booster doses, more evidence, especially clinical trials, are still needed to ascertain, with greater precision, the exact duration of immunity offered by different vaccine types, across diverse population characteristics, and in different vulnerability parameters.
BACKGROUND: The protocol for this
review was pre-registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO] (Registration ID: CRD420212818).