背景:先天性心脏病(CHD)包括出生时心脏和循环系统的形态功能异常,这在以后的生活中可能不会变得明显。在埃塞俄比亚,需要对患病率有更多的了解,模式,以及冠心病畸形的相关并发症。这项研究旨在调查在埃塞俄比亚一所专业大学转诊医院接受随访护理的患者中CHD的模式和并发症。
方法:对199例冠心病患者进行了一项基于医院的横断面研究,以评估缺陷的模式和并发症。回顾性数据收集了2021年在心脏诊所接受随访的16972名患者的病历,并使用SPSS版本24进行统计分析。
结果:我们研究人群中最普遍的CHD类型是房间隔缺损(ASDs),占41.2%(82例),室间隔缺损(VSDs)占26.6%(53例),动脉导管未闭(PDA)占9.5%(19例)。在69.3%(138)的患者中观察到与CHD相关的并发症,30.7%(61)经历单一并发症和39.2%(87)经历多种并发症。
结论:这项研究发现,女性冠心病患病率(77.8%)高于男性,不同心房和心室缺损类型的趋势一致。15至25岁的个体表现出ASD和VSD的最高发病率。此外,69.3%的患者存在与CHD相关的异常。
BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease (CHD) encompasses morphofunctional anomalies in the heart and circulatory system present at birth, which may not become apparent until later in life. In Ethiopia, there needs to be more understanding of the prevalence, patterns, and associated complications of CHD malformations. This study aimed to investigate the patterns and complications of CHDs among patients receiving follow-up care at a specialized university referral hospital in Ethiopia.
METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 199 patients with CHDs to assess the patterns and complications of defects. Retrospective data were collected from 16,972 patients who had follow-ups at a cardiac clinic in 2021 using medical records, and a statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 24.
RESULTS: The most prevalent types of CHDs in our study population were atrial septal defects (ASDs) at 41.2% (82 cases), ventricular septal defects (VSDs) at 26.6% (53 cases), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDAs) at 9.5% (19 cases). Complications related to CHDs were observed in 69.3% (138) of patients, with 30.7% (61) experiencing a single complication and 39.2% (87) experiencing multiple complications.
CONCLUSIONS: This study found a higher prevalence of CHDs in females (77.8%) compared to males, a trend consistent across various atrial and ventricular defect types. Individuals aged 15 to 25 years exhibited the highest incidence of ASD and VSD. Moreover, CHD-related anomalies were present in 69.3% of the patients studied.