BACKGROUND: Traumatic injury of a vascular prosthesis-to-prosthesis anastomosis leading to an extravasation and pseudoaneurysm is rare. If not identified the complications associated with this condition can lead to high morbidity and mortality and require surgical treatment.
METHODS: We describe a patient who presented with a tear in prosthesis-prosthesis anastomosis eight years after implantation resulting in a pseudoaneurysm. The patient had a severe fall prior to the non-symptomatic leakage. The complication was successfully treated by re-lining the graft with a new anastomosis at the Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Kolding Hospital in Denmark.
CONCLUSIONS: Cause of tear is speculated to be due to weakness at site of reconstruction, fabric degradation, and/or degradation of suture material.
CONCLUSIONS: Late prosthesis-prosthesis anastomosis tear caused by a traumatic event is rare. In the event of a late tear, anamnesis and histological analysis of involved material is important.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular tumor with metastatic potential. EHE can have single- or multiorgan involvement, with presentations ranging from asymptomatic disease to pain and systemic symptoms. The extremely heterogeneous clinical presentation and disease progression complicates EHE diagnosis and management. We present the case of a 24-year-old woman with two periauricular erythematous papules, leading to the discovery of metastatic EHE through routine biopsy, despite a noncontributory medical history. Histology revealed the dermal proliferation of epithelioid cells and vacuoles containing red blood cells. Immunohistochemistry markers consistent with EHE solidified the diagnosis. Although extremely rare, prompt diagnosis of EHE is essential for informed decision-making and favorable outcomes. Key clinical and histopathological findings are highlighted to aid dermatologists in diagnosing and managing this uncommon condition.

UNASSIGNED: Coral-reef type aortic occlusions are uncommon conditions that can result in intermittent claudication. Many claudicants also have concomitant neurogenic aetiologies and revascularization alone may not be beneficial. These cases can prove to be a diagnostic challenge.
METHODS: We present a case of worsening bilateral calf claudication in a patient with previously asymptomatic coral-reef type aorta, anxiety, and spinal stenosis presents. Investigations were unable to differentiate between a neurogenic and vascular cause. The patient opted for aortic stenting before spinal surgery, after extensive discussion. Initial attempts at crossing the occluded segments were unsuccessful and the patient was offered the option to either resume conservative therapy, perform an open axillo-bifemoral bypass or repeat aortic stenting. After discussion, a repeat aortic stenting was performed. This time, the stenting attempt was successful, with completion angiogram showing brisk antegrade flow and strong distal pulses returned. Post-surgery, the patient\'s symptoms improved vastly.
UNASSIGNED: Differentiation of vascular claudication from neurogenic claudication is diagnostically challenging. Decision to treat the aorta or the spinal issue first depend on the patient\'s constellation of symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular aortic stenting is well accepted with good results and lower morbidity than open surgery. A repeat attempt is always a possible option.

Hemangiomas are considered slow growing benign neoplasms. Primary thyroid hemangiomas are uncommon and may pose difficulty in diagnosis due to absence of distinctive imaging characteristics and related clinical symptoms. It is crucial to precisely identify these lesions to aid in implementing nonsurgical treatment plans rather than resorting to surgical procedures in certain cases. In this report we present a case of a 76-year-old female who presented with painless, rapid, and sudden notice of right-side neck swelling over a 1-day duration. Her radiological examinations raised the concern of a vascular lesion that was emoblized endovascularly. Then, it was surgically removed, which was eventually determined to be primary thyroid hemangioma. In addition, we present a literature review of previously published cases and discuss tumor pathophysiology, clinical presentations, radiology features, and differential diagnosis.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor in children that might mimic a benign tumor, such as infantile hemangioma, particularly when detected early. Although rhabdomyosarcoma rarely occurs in the hand, its prognosis is generally poor, and successful treatment relies on a complete and radical surgical excision. We present a case of rhabdomyosarcoma located in the palm of an infant\'s hand, initially presenting clinical and radiological features suggestive of a vascular tumor. The resection of this mass was radical, and histological analysis and immunohistochemistry returned in favor of embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma. In similar cases recorded in the literature, the diagnosis may be first mistaken for that of a hemangioma, then confirmed by histology. This underlines the importance of a systematic anatomopathological examination of all tissues removed surgically.

UNASSIGNED: AVMs are rarest congenital anomalies constituting around 1% of pediatric population. Arteriovenous malformations originate at 4th to 10th weeks of intra uterine life due to persistence of primitive arteriovenous shunts. Though the exact prevalence is unknown, upper limb constitute around 10 % of all AVMs. Hand being the most common region affected after head and neck.
METHODS: Author is presenting here a rare case of palmar arteriovenous malformation in child since birth, hindering her routine daily activities, and its unique way of surgical management.
UNASSIGNED: Hand arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are challenging to treat due the necessity to maintain function and aesthetic appearance.
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of fatal bleeding makes resection of AVMs a challenging and stressful procedure, but however in the presence of available efficient equipments to control the bleeding and expertise of the available treating surgeons, primary surgical resection can be considered a feasible option in a tertiary care pediatric center.

UNASSIGNED: Neonatal compartment syndrome is a rare phenomenon with a limited number of cases reported in the literature with varying etiologies. Current literature categorizes etiologies as either intrinsic or extrinsic. To the best of our knowledge, difficult delivery and delivery through vacuum are the only two iatrogenic etiologies that have been reported in the literature. Thus, this may be the first reported case of neonatal compartment syndrome secondary to a failed peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) insertion.
UNASSIGNED: We present a case of a pre-mature neonate with diffuse discoloration, paralysis, and loss of palpable pulses of the right upper extremity after a failed PICC insertion. The clinical features led to a diagnosis of compartment syndrome. Interventions were not carried out due to the pre-maturity and instability of the patient. The patient passed away at 38 days of age due to refractory hypotension and patent ductus arteriosus.
UNASSIGNED: We present a case of neonatal compartment syndrome caused by a previously unreported etiology, highlighting the current dearth of knowledge. Clinicians should be aware of the unique clinical presentation of neonatal compartment syndrome and maintain high suspicion even without an obvious etiology.

BACKGROUND: Vascular lasers may represent a promising treatment option for periorbital veins. This article aims to: (1) systematically review the literature on the safety and effectiveness of vascular laser treatment for periorbital veins and (2) assess safety and effectiveness through a retrospective case series.
METHODS: Systematic review: Articles that assessed the safety and effectiveness of vascular laser treatment for periorbital veins were included and quality assessed using the Downs and Black checklist.
METHODS: Patient records were retrospectively reviewed from January 2020 to November 2023 to identify all patients who underwent laser treatment for periorbital veins. Outcomes assessment included percentage improvement, patient overall satisfaction and adverse effects.
RESULTS: Systematic review: Three articles were included, discussing treatment of blue, periorbital veins using a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser. Patient Fitzpatrick skin Types I-IV were treated with high patient satisfaction rates and complete clearance of treated veins. Adverse effects included pain, erythema, mild oedema, urticaria and blister formation. Quality of included studies ranged from 7 to 14 out of 21 points.
METHODS: Thirty-four patients with skin Types I-V were included. Blue and red periorbital veins were treated using 1064 and 532 nm wavelengths respectively. Mean percentage improvement was 4.8 (complete resolution) and patients\' overall satisfaction was ranked 3 (completely satisfied). Adverse effects included erythema, oedema, and bruising.
CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of red and blue periorbital veins using 532 and 1064 nm vascular lasers appears a safe treatment option. The procedure has a short recovery time, with patients able to resume normal activities within 1 day of treatment.

Angiokeratoma is a vascular cutaneous disorder that is generally asymptomatic and presents with multiple dark red to blue or black papules over the skin. The prevalence of angiokeratoma increases as the age increases and it is more common after third and fourth decades of life. There are different types of angiokeratoma which may be localized forms (angiokeratoma of Mibelli, angiokeratoma circumscriptum, solitary angiokeratoma, and angiokeratoma of the scrotum or vulva) or diffuse variant (angiokeratoma corporis diffusum). Here, we report a series of five rare cases of angiokeratoma of Fordyce, of which two cases had vulval involvement and one case showed lesions on unilateral scrotal wall which was unusual.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are complex vascular lesions most commonly found in the brain and infrequently found in the head and neck. AVMs are characterized by a tangle of blood vessels called a nidus, which shunts blood from an artery directly to a draining vein. Various treatments are available, including surgical resection and endovascular embolization. Here, we report the case of a 32-year-old male patient who complained of painful pulsating left neck swelling with dysphagia for 1 year, which turned out to be an AVM alongside the left thyroid gland. The AVM was treated by embolization using Onyx in 2 sessions. The patient has been free of symptoms since the treatment.