背景:花生是多哥重要的豆类作物。然而,几十年来,由于缺乏有组织的育种计划来解决生产限制,花生的产量一直在稳步下降。不过,低产品种和晚期叶斑病经常被报道为最重要的制约因素,没有记录在案的证据。确定和记录主要的生产限制是建立具有明确定义的优先目标和育种策略的良好育种计划的先决条件。因此,本研究的目的是确定花生生产限制因素并评估农民的偏好特征。
方法:采用参与式农村评估方法收集农艺实践数据,农民的偏好,以及通过个人和团体访谈可能对生产造成的威胁。根据花生生产系统的代表性,选择了三个地区和每个地区的三个村庄。在每个村庄,随机抽取和采访了20名农民;因此,总共采访了180名农民。对定性数据和区域内和跨区域生成的定量数据进行了内容分析,进行了比较描述性统计。使用卡方检验评估感知和偏好的差异。
结果:研究表明,尽管各地区存在一些差异,与产量有关的性状最重要,例如豆荚产量(66.66%)和豆荚大小(12.12%)。叶斑病,玫瑰花结和花生芽坏死(37.77%)以及豆荚吸虫和bruchid等昆虫(27.77%)被认为是限制花生生产的最重要制约因素。在疾病中,所有三个地区的农民都表示,晚期叶斑病具有经济重要性,它们与成熟等各种原因有关,干旱,或昆虫。对于约束和花生性状偏好的感知没有观察到性别差异。土地面积受年龄和性别的影响很大。此外,农民指出,缺乏改良品种和缺乏花生种子,突显了与强大育种计划相关的可持续花生种子系统的必要性。
结论:这项研究使人们能够了解耕作方式,约束,农民更喜欢特色,因此,为多哥的参与性育种计划提供了基础,该计划应考虑到农民认为低产品种和疾病是生产的主要制约因素。
BACKGROUND: Groundnut is an important legume crop in Togo. However, groundnut yield has been steadily decreasing for decades as a result of lack of organized breeding program to address production constraints. Though, low yielding
varieties and late leaf spot have been often reported as the most important constraints, there is no documented evidence. Identifying and documenting the major production constraints is a prerequisite for establishing a good breeding program with clearly defined priority objectives and breeding strategies. Thus, the objectives of this
study were to identify groundnut production constraints and assess farmers\' preferred traits.
METHODS: A participatory rural appraisal approach was used to collect data on agronomic practices, farmers\' preferences, and possible threats to production through individual and group interviews. Three regions and three villages per region were selected based on the representativeness of groundnut production systems. In each village, 20 farmers were randomly selected and interviewed; thus, a total of 180 farmers were interviewed. Content analysis was carried out for qualitative data and for quantitative data generated within and across regions, comparative descriptive statistics were carried out. Differences in perception and preferences were assessed using chi-square tests.
RESULTS: The
study has revealed that, though there were some variation across the regions, traits pertaining to yield such as pod yield (66.66%) and pod size (12.12%) were the most important. Leaf spot diseases, rosette and peanut bud necrosis (37.77%) and insects such as pod sucking bug and bruchid (27.77%) were considered to be the most important constraints limiting groundnut production. Among diseases, farmers in all the three regions indicated that late leaf spot is of economic importance which they associated to various causes such as maturity, drought, or insects. No gender differences were observed for the perception of constraints and groundnut traits preferences. Land size is significantly influenced by age and gender. Besides, farmers have pointed the lack of improved
varieties and the unavailability of groundnut seeds highlighting the necessity of a sustainable groundnut seed system linked with a strong breeding program.
CONCLUSIONS: This
study has enabled understanding of the farming practices, constraints, and farmers preferred characteristics, thus providing the basis for a participatory breeding program in Togo which should consider that farmers perceive low yielding varieties and diseases as major constraints to production.