妊娠结局和妇女的健康直接受到阴道微生物群的影响。这种微生物群由不同比例的各种微生物组成的动态生态系统组成,在健康条件下保护阴道上皮免受感染。然而,阴道感染病例经常在育龄妇女中诊断,导致更严重的结果。因此,我们的主要目标是确定细菌性阴道病(BV)的患病率,需氧性阴道炎(AV),厄瓜多尔孕妇和非孕妇的外阴阴道念珠菌病(VVC)。在卡洛斯·安德拉德·马林医院(HCAM)寻求初级保健的217名13至40岁的女性中进行了一项横断面研究,2018年10月至2019年2月期间,妇科产科医院IsidroAyora(HGOIA)和CiprianaDueñas健康教学中心。阴道微生物群的经典表征是通过Nugent标准显微镜进行的,以评估BV的存在。健康和中间微生物群,通过Donders的标准来确定AV的存在,并通过Marot-Leblond标准来诊断VVC。从阴道样品中提取DNA并进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)分析,以表征加德纳菌的存在。,Mobiluncusmulieris,大肠杆菌,肠球菌属。,和乳杆菌属。最后,通过定量实时PCR(qPCR)对阴道微生物群正常的女性和AV女性的样本进行乳杆菌定量.我们的结果显示52%的女性拥有健康的微生物群,7%与中间微生物群,41%的人患有阴道菌群失调,包括27%的AV,8%的BV和4%的VVC和2%的共同感染或共同生态失调。此外,与非孕妇相比,孕妇中的乳酸杆菌含量更高,而AV病例的特征是乳酸杆菌明显下降。,更确切地说,在1E3和1E5菌落形成单位(CFU)/ml之间。最后,阴道微生物群正常的女性显示乳杆菌的平均负荷在1E6和1E7CFU/ml之间.这项初步研究表明,孕妇和非孕妇之间没有统计学上的显着差异。指出使用乳酸杆菌定量预防未来阴道感染的可能性。
Pregnancy outcomes and women\'s health are directly affected by vaginal microbiota. This microbiota consists of a dynamic ecosystem of various microbes in different ratios, which in healthy conditions protect the vaginal epithelium from infections. However, cases of vaginal infection are regularly diagnosed in women of reproductive age, contributing to more severe outcomes. Therefore, our main goal was to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV), aerobic vaginitis (AV), and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) among Ecuadorian pregnant and non-pregnant women. A cross-sectional
study was conducted among 217 women between 13 and 40 years old seeking primary healthcare in Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital (HCAM), Gynecological-Obstetric Hospital Isidro Ayora (HGOIA) and Center for Teaching Health Cipriana Dueñas during October 2018 to February 2019. The classical characterization of the vaginal microbiota was performed through microscopy by the Nugent criteria to evaluate the presence of BV, healthy and intermediate microbiota, by the criteria of Donders to determine the presence of AV and by the Marot-Leblond criteria to diagnose VVC. DNA extraction from vaginal samples and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis was performed to characterize the presence of Gardnerella spp., Mobiluncus mulieris, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. Finally, quantification of the lactobacilli was performed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for samples from women with normal vaginal microbiota and women with AV. Our results showed 52% of women with healthy microbiota, 7% with intermediate microbiota, and 41% with vaginal dysbiosis, comprising 27% with AV, 8% with BV and 4% with VVC and 2% with co-infections or co-dysbiosis. Additionally, a higher amount of lactobacilli were found in pregnant women when compared to non-pregnant women, while AV cases were characterized by a significant drop of Lactobacillus spp., more precisely, between 1E3 and 1E5 colony forming units (CFU)/ml. Finally, women with normal vaginal microbiota showed an average load of lactobacilli between 1E6 and 1E7 CFU/ml. This pilot
study showed no statistically significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant women, pointing to the possibility to use lactobacilli quantification for the prevention of future vaginal infections.