直到最近,开发卫生技术既耗时又昂贵,经常涉及患者,医生,和其他医疗保健专业人员仅作为最终产品的被动接受者。到目前为止,用户很少参与数字健康技术的构思和创建阶段。为了最好地解决用户未满足的需求,跨学科和用户主导的方法,涉及共同创造和直接用户反馈,是必需的。在这种情况下,黑客马拉松活动在激发以用户为中心的创新热情方面变得越来越受欢迎。
本案例研究描述了健康黑客马拉松的准备步骤和直接涉及患者和医疗保健专业人员在各个阶段的表现。可行性和结果进行了评估,导致为未来的黑客马拉松开发系统的建议,作为自下而上的医疗保健创新的工具。
2017年2月在柏林举行了为期2天的黑客马拉松,德国。通过实地研究收集数据。随后在研究小组的15次非正式会议上讨论了收集到的实地说明。包括在2017年12月和2018年11月进行另外两次黑客马拉松的经验。
总共,30名参与者参加了会议。63%(19/30)的参与者年龄在25至34岁之间,30%(9/30)在35至44岁之间,7%(2/30)年龄小于25岁。总共43%(13/30)的参与者是女性。医学专家的参与率,包括患者和医疗保健专业人员,30%(9/30)。成立了五个多学科小组,每个小组都解决了一个特定的医疗保健问题。所有展示的项目都是应用程序:一个识别皮肤癌的聊天机器人,基于增强现实暴露的治疗(例如,对于蜘蛛恐惧症),用于医疗社区连接的应用程序,一个医生预约平台,和一个为抑郁症患者提供自我护理的应用程序。患者和医疗保健专业人员启动了所有项目。进行黑客马拉松导致柏林数字健康社区的显着增长,并随后进行了更大的黑客马拉松。制定了进行具有成本效益的黑客马拉松(n≤30)的系统建议,包括社区建设方面,利益相关者参与,指导,主题,公告,后续行动,和每个步骤的时间。
这项研究表明,黑客马拉松在为医疗保健带来创新方面是有效的,并且比传统医疗设备和数字产品开发更具成本和时间效率,并且可能更具可持续性。我们的系统建议对于希望通过开展跨学科黑客马拉松在学术医院中建立用户主导创新的其他个人和组织很有用。
Until recently, developing health technologies was time-consuming and expensive, and often involved patients, doctors, and other health care professionals only as passive recipients of the end product. So far, users have been minimally involved in the ideation and creation stages of digital health technologies. In order to best address users\' unmet needs, a transdisciplinary and user-led approach, involving cocreation and direct user feedback, is required. In this context, hackathon events have become increasingly popular in generating enthusiasm for user-centered innovation.
This case
study describes preparatory steps and the performance of a health hackathon directly involving patients and health care professionals at all stages. Feasibility and outcomes were assessed, leading to the development of systematic recommendations for future hackathons as a vehicle for bottom-up innovation in health care.
A 2-day hackathon was conducted in February 2017 in Berlin, Germany. Data were collected through a field
study. Collected field notes were subsequently discussed in 15 informal meetings among the research team. Experiences of conducting two further hackathons in December 2017 and November 2018 were included.
In total, 30 participants took part, with 63% (19/30) of participants between 25 and 34 years of age, 30% (9/30) between 35 and 44 years of age, and 7% (2/30) younger than 25 years of age. A total of 43% (13/30) of the participants were female. The participation rate of medical experts, including patients and health care professionals, was 30% (9/30). Five multidisciplinary teams were formed and each tackled a specific health care problem. All presented projects were apps: a chatbot for skin cancer recognition, an augmented reality exposure-based therapy (eg, for arachnophobia), an app for medical neighborhood connectivity, a doctor appointment platform, and a self-care app for people suffering from depression. Patients and health care professionals initiated all of the projects. Conducting the hackathon resulted in significant growth of the digital health community of Berlin and was followed up by larger hackathons. Systematic recommendations for conducting cost-efficient hackathons (n≤30) were developed, including aspects of community building, stakeholder engagement, mentoring, themes, announcements, follow-up, and timing for each step.
This
study shows that hackathons are effective in bringing innovation to health care and are more cost- and time-efficient and potentially more sustainable than traditional medical device and digital product development. Our systematic recommendations can be useful to other individuals and organizations that want to establish user-led innovation in academic hospitals by conducting transdisciplinary hackathons.