Pulmonary sequestration with torsion is a rare condition. We describe a seven-month-old baby presenting excessive crying for pulmonary sequestration with torsion. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography demonstrated an oval-shaped mass in the posteromedial right lower chest, no systemic arterial supply was evident. The edge of the mass showed slight linear reinforcement, and its interior had no reinforcement. Thoracoscopic segmentectomy was carried out and histology confirmed pulmonary sequestration with torsion.

Torsion and rupture are life-threatening emergencies in rudimentary horn pregnancy, an extremely rare type of ectopic pregnancy. This case report aims to share the diagnosis and treatment of a patient, with torsion and ruptured horn pregnancy in a setting, with limited resources. It highlights the challenges faced and the strategies employed to ensure appropriate care. A 38-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, presented to the Obstetric and Gynaecology (OBGYN Department of Hiwot Fana University Hospital with a diagnosis of uterine rupture after she presented with a complaint of pushing down pain of 1 h, decreased fetal movement of 1-day duration, and with sudden and severe lower abdominal pain and distension. Conservative management was chosen, but deteriorating symptoms necessitated an emergency laparotomy, confirming a ruptured rudimentary horn pregnancy and surgically excising the horn. Ruptured rudimentary horn pregnancy with torsion is an extremely uncommon and perilous obstetric emergency that necessitates swift diagnosis and surgical intervention. For advanced primitive horn pregnancy, laparotomy combined with horn removal continues to be the gold standard of therapy. Healthcare providers can improve patient outcomes and alleviate the burden of life-threatening conditions by promoting multidisciplinary collaboration and embracing innovative, technologically advanced techniques.

BACKGROUND: Retroperitoneal leiomyomas (RLs) are rare benign tumours that can occur in the pelvic and/or abdominal parietal retroperitoneum. Once torsion occurs, it causes acute abdominal pain and can even lead to serious consequences such as gangrene, peritonitis, haemoperitoneum and shock if not identified and treated promptly. Therefore, a better understanding of the characteristics of RL torsion is needed. Here, we present a case of acute pedicle torsion of an RL in the posterior peritoneum followed by a literature review.
METHODS: Herein, we report the case of a 42-year-old woman with RL torsion. The patient visited our hospital complaining of lower abdominal pain for 6 d. Pelvic examination revealed a tender mass superior to the uterus. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an anterior uterine mass, multiple uterine fibroids and slight pelvic effusion. MRI suggested the possibility of a subserosal myoma of the anterior uterine wall with degeneration. Intraoperative exploration revealed a 10 cm pedunculated mass arising from the posterior peritoneum, with the pedicle torsed two times. Pathological examination confirmed a torsed RL.
CONCLUSIONS: In the case of a pelvic mass complicated with acute abdomen, the possibility of torsion should be considered.

In this case report, we present an unusual clockwise torsion of left colon around mesenteric root in a 10-month-old Arab filly, highlighting the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach and successful surgical intervention. A 10-month-old Arab filly weighing approximately 250 kg was referred with signs of acute abdominal pain. The history revealed anorexia, restlessness and severe abdominal pain that had begun the previous day. The local practitioner had previously administered flunixin meglumine, an analgesic, but it proved ineffective in relieving the pain. Upon physical examination, the filly exhibited sweating, a body temperature of 38.5°C, tachycardia (65 beats per minute) and tachypnea (25 breaths per minute). Due to the severity of the colic and the lack of response to the conservative treatments, surgical intervention was deemed necessary. An exploratory midline celiotomy was performed to evaluate the abdominal organs. During the examination, no obvious primary lesions were identified in the evaluated organs. However, a restriction in exteriorizing the left colon\'s length was observed. Further examination revealed an unusual clockwise torsion of the left colon that displaced in left to the right side around the mesenteric root; thereby, pelvic flexure was located in the normal anatomical position with a short length. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of clockwise torsion and an atypical displacement of the left colon in horses. The surgical correction of the displacement was successfully performed. The filly showed improvement post-surgery and did not exhibit any complications during the recovery period.

BACKGROUND: Omental torsion is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain caused by twisting of the omentum along its long axis, thus compromising its vascularity. Its presentation is non-specific and can mimic other common pathologies, making its pre-operative diagnosis challenging.
METHODS: A 44-year-old female presented for periumbilical abdominal pain. Her laboratory results showed no leukocytosis and CRP was within normal range. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis with oral and IV contrast showed a well demarcated pericecal mass at the right side, mostly suggestive of transmesenteric internal herniation with strangulation. The patient eventually required laparoscopic surgical intervention.
CONCLUSIONS: The acute abdominal manifestations in patients with omental torsion are due to the development of edema and necrotic tissue distal of the torsion after the arterial supply and venous drainage have been obstructed. Rotation around the right gastroepiploic artery is considered to be the most common cause of omental torsion. Primary torsion is considered to be idiopathic, while secondary torsion occurs due to an identifiable predisposing pathology such as omental cysts, hernias, adhesions, or intra-abdominal tumors. Since symptoms of omental torsion are non-specific, it is crucial to consider the differential diagnosis and rule out other causes of acute abdomen. Surgical intervention is the mainstay treatment when there is uncertainty in the diagnosis, or when the patient\'s clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings worsen with conservative treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Early surgical intervention in cases of omental torsion reduces the incidence of formation of abscesses, adhesions, and omental necrosis. In cases of non-operative candidates, conservative treatment is the best option; therefore, the choice of treatment of omental torsion should be considered on a case-by-case basis.

OBJECTIVE: To combine all literature describing cases of isolated fallopian tube torsion in adult non pregnant patients in a systematic manner, to optimize knowledge and practice both for diagnosis and management.
METHODS: EMBASE and PubMed databases were searched for the terms \'tubal\' OR \'fallopian tube\' AND \'isolated\' AND \'torsion\' from the inception of these databases to July 5, 2023. All case reports or case series of adult patients (18 years or older) with isolated fallopian tube torsion were included. Exclusion criteria included: all other study types; cases involving children and adolescents (less than 18 years old); pregnant patients of all trimesters; tubo-ovarian torsion; studies not published in English; duplicates and those not available in text. Following the database search, two authors independently screened the studies and search results were subsequently reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Data was extracted independently by two authors and analysed using Excel. All cases were assessed for bias using a modified version of the tool proposed by Murad et al. RESULTS: 92 unique articles enrolling 131 individual cases were included in this systematic review. Isolated fallopian tube torsion most commonly occurs during reproductive ages between 18 and 45 years. It is uncommon in postmenopausal women. The most common presenting symptoms include unilateral lower abdominal or pelvic pain along the affected side with nausea and vomiting. Risk factors can be intrinsic or extrinsic and can include conditions such as hydrosalpinx, sterilization, pelvic inflammatory disease or cysts. Ultrasound is the optimal imaging modality however Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging can also be used. Imaging in general has low sensitivity, however isolated fallopian tube torsion can be identified with appropriate expertise. The gold standard for isolated fallopian tube torsion management is laparoscopy and detorsion however currently, the most common intervention performed is salpingectomy.
CONCLUSIONS: Isolated fallopian tube torsion is a rare but important gynaecological emergency with significant fertility implications. This study summarizes the most common presentations, investigation findings and surgical interventions in patients with isolated fallopian tube torsion. This study also emphasizes the importance of clinicians maintaining a high degree of suspicion and low threshold for early laparoscopic intervention to retain fertility.

Meckel\'s diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. Torsion is a rare complication of MD with only 48 cases described in the English literature to date. We describe a case of a 22-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with lower abdominal pain. Pre-operative computed tomography scan suggested a torted MD. This was confirmed on diagnostic laparoscopy and managed with segmental resection of the MD and a concurrent appendicectomy. Histopathology confirmed torsion of MD and a normal appendix. The patient recovered well without any complications. Torsion occurs invariably with giant MD defined as a length of >5 cm. Surgical options for MD include diverticulectomy, wedge resection and segmental resection via laparoscopic or open approach. The rate of pre-operative diagnosis remains low but with advances in imaging and awareness of this condition, this is likely to increase with time.

Torsion of an epididymal cyst is one of the rare and least-known causes of acute scrotal pain. Epididymal cysts, when large, can undergo occasional complications like infection or, rarely they might undergo torsion, needing emergency surgery. We present a case of a 37-year-old gentleman with acute scrotal pain to the scrotum. Testicular torsion was suspected clinically, but sonography revealed a normal-appearing testis and a large left-sided epididymal cyst with internal echoes and dependent debris. A diagnosis of epididymal cyst torsion was suspected based on sonographic findings. Exploratory surgery showed a reddish, inflamed epididymal cyst that had undergone torsion on its pedicle. The cyst was excised leading to symptomatic relief to the patient. Due to the rarity of this condition, such cases are often misdiagnosed clinically as testicular torsion. Ultrasonography helps in aiding the correct diagnosis and the radiologist needs to be familiar with the radiological aspects of diagnosing torsion of epididymal cysts.

As a benign disease, the incidence of epididymal cyst (EC) is 5%-25%, and it is relatively common in adults but rare in children. Although the pathogenesis of EC is still unclear, the symptoms of most asymptomatic patients can disappear with conservative treatment. EC torsion is even rarer in adults and children. Only ten cases have been reported in the literature, and we add this 3-year-old boy as the eleventh case of EC torsion. He was admitted to the hospital due to scrotum emergency without a history of EC or recent scrotal trauma. The ultrasonic examination revealed signs of an epididymal cyst. However, the pain and swelling of his scrotum were very similar to those of patients with testicular torsion, so we performed surgery on him. Therefore, EC torsion is very necessary to attract our attention as a differential diagnosis of testicular torsion in scrotal emergencies. Furthermore, our case is also the second youngest case of EC torsion.

Isolated fallopian tube torsion (IFTT) is a rare cause of acute lower abdominal pain in women. Its nonspecific clinical presentation makes preoperative diagnosis more challenging. Laparoscopy is the gold standard in diagnosis and treatment. This is a case of a 25-year-old newly married patient presented to the emergency department with sever acute lower abdominal pain associated with nausea. Clinical physical examination revealed abdominal tenderness. Ultrasound showed a right ovarian cyst measuring 4.5 cm × 4.1 cm with mural nodule, no internal vascularity on color doppler. Laparoscopy was performed where the right fallopian tube was found edematous, darkened red in color. Therefore, isolated fallopian tube torsion was diagnosed and right salpingectomy was performed with preservation of the right ovary. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Histopathological examination confirmed necrosis of the excised fallopian tube. Isolated fallopian tube torsion is a rare yet noteworthy event. Early diagnosis and timely management are crucial for tubal sparing surgery.