在传统设计的织机上以笨拙的姿势长时间的静态工作会导致地毯织布工中肌肉骨骼疾病(MSD)的患病率很高。在该行业进行了一项全面的研究,目的是确定MSD症状的患病率;确定与地毯编织职业中MSD症状相关的主要因素;并制定编织工作站设计指南。在本论文中,介绍了这项人体工程学研究。该研究包括两个阶段。在第一阶段,通过问卷调查对1439名随机选择的织布工进行了调查,调查了伊朗9个省的MSD症状。工作姿势和编织工作站也进行了人体工程学评估。这一阶段的结果表明,织布工中肌肉骨骼系统的症状发生率很高,患病率明显高于一般伊朗人群(P<0.001)。发现大多数人体工程学缺点源于设计不当的编织工作站。根据调查结果,提出了一些工作站设计的一般指南。在第二阶段,考虑到一般准则,设计和建造了一个可调节的工作站。为了制定优化工作站设置的定量指南,在实验室里,测试了九组实验条件,测量了工作姿势和织布工的感知。这项实验室工作的结果表明,当将编织高度调整到肘部高度以上20厘米并使用具有前倾的高座椅时,研究人员和织工的工作姿势都是可以接受的。通过结合这两个阶段的结果,介绍了织造工作站设计的指导方针。在这个面向人体工程学的工作站中,织机是垂直的。座椅,织机和编织高度可调。织机下面有足够的腿部空间。向前倾斜10度的座椅被调整为在织布工的周围高度上方15厘米。编织高度设置在弯头高度以上20cm处。据信,推荐的工作站改善了工作姿势,并减少了织布工身体的姿势压力,因此,降低MSDs症状的患病率。
Long hours of static work with awkward posture at traditionally designed looms can cause high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among carpet weavers. A comprehensive study was conducted in this industry with the objectives of determination of MSDs symptoms prevalence; identification of major factors associated with MSDs symptoms in carpet weaving occupation; and development of
guidelines for weaving workstation design. In the present paper, this ergonomics study is presented. The study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, MSDs symptoms in nine Iranian provinces were surveyed by questionnaire among 1439 randomly selected weavers. Working posture and weaving workstations were ergonomically assessed as well. The results of this phase revealed that symptoms from the musculoskeletal system occurred in high rate among weavers with the prevalence significantly higher than that of the general Iranian population (P<0.001). It was found that the majority of ergonomics shortcomings originated from ill-designed weaving workstation. Based on the findings, some general
guidelines for workstation design were presented. In the second phase, considering the general
guidelines, an adjustable workstation was designed and constructed. To develop quantitative
guidelines for optimizing workstation set-up, in the laboratory, nine sets of experimental conditions were tested, and working posture and weavers\' perceptions were measured. The results of this lab work showed that working posture was acceptable for both the researchers and the weavers when the weaving height was adjusted 20 cm above the elbow height and a high seat with forward slope was used. By combining the results of the two phases,
guidelines for weaving workstation design were presented. In this ergonomics-oriented workstation, loom is vertical. Seat, loom and weaving heights are adjustable. There is enough leg room under the loom. The seat with 10 degrees forward slope is adjusted 15 cm above the popliteal height of the weaver. Weaving height is set at 20 cm above the elbow height. It is believed that the recommended workstation improves working posture and results in reduced postural stress on weavers\' bodies and, consequently, reduced prevalence of MSDs symptoms.