麻痹性贝类毒素(PST)是一组通过阻断电压门控钠通道引起麻痹性贝类中毒的毒素。PST由原核淡水蓝细菌和真核海洋鞭毛藻产生。有毒藻类物种的扩散会导致有害的藻类大量繁殖,在此期间,海鲜积累了高水平的PST,对消费者的健康造成威胁。由于受污染的双壳类动物和产毒生物之间PST分布和浓度的差异,首先发现了PST转化酶的存在。稍后,参与PST转化的几种酶,合成和消除已经确定。PST转化酶的知识对于了解软体动物双壳类动物的毒素积累和净化过程是必要的。此外,PST-转化酶促进获得毒素的纯类似物,因为它们在混合物中存在于天然来源中。纯化合物对于开发候选药物和作为分析参考材料是有意义的。PST转化酶也可用于开发毒素检测的分析工具。这篇综述总结了迄今为止在从细菌到人类的活生物体中鉴定的PST转化酶,特别强调双壳类动物,蓝藻和鞭毛藻,并讨论了酶的生物学功能和潜在的实际应用。
Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are a group of toxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning through blockage of voltage-gated sodium channels. PSTs are produced by prokaryotic freshwater cyanobacteria and eukaryotic marine dinoflagellates. Proliferation of toxic algae species can lead to harmful algal blooms, during which seafood accumulate high levels of PSTs, posing a health threat to consumers. The existence of PST-transforming enzymes was first remarked due to the divergence of PST profiles and concentrations between contaminated bivalves and toxigenic organisms. Later, several enzymes involved in PST transformation, synthesis and elimination have been identified. The knowledge of PST-transforming enzymes is necessary for understanding the processes of toxin accumulation and depuration in mollusk bivalves. Furthermore, PST-transforming enzymes facilitate the obtainment of pure analogues of toxins as in natural sources they are present in a mixture. Pure compounds are of interest for the development of drug candidates and as analytical reference materials. PST-transforming enzymes can also be employed for the development of analytical tools for toxin detection. This
review summarizes the PST-transforming enzymes identified so far in living organisms from bacteria to humans, with special emphasis on bivalves, cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, and discusses enzymes\' biological functions and potential practical applications.