Strongyloitiasis是一种土壤传播的蠕虫病,which,尽管目前估计有多达3.7亿人感染了致病因子,类线虫,经常被忽视。最近在东南亚和澳大利亚进行的分子分类学研究,表明狗可以携带同样基因型的胸骨链球菌,也可以感染人类,除了可能是狗特有的类圆线虫物种。这表明胸骨链球菌从狗到人类的人畜共患传播的可能性。尽管在人类以外的任何宿主中都没有报道过自然S.stercoralis感染,非人灵长类动物和狗,不能排除其他尚未识别的动物水库。分子研究还表明,人类携带不同基因型的胸骨链球菌。因此,它们的分类地位以及它们的致病潜力是否不同的问题仍然存在。因此,从世界各地获得有关Stercoralis种群的分子遗传/基因组信息将非常重要。实现这一目标的一种方法(几乎没有额外的采样工作)是在诊断工作过程中遇到S.stercoralis的人保留一些标本以进行分子分析。在这里,我们提供了隔离的指导方针,保存,在核18SrDNA和线粒体cox1基因座进行基因分型,以及对单个胸骨链球菌蠕虫的全基因组测序。由于在许多情况下,在发现S.stercoralis的地点和时间不可能或不希望进行全面分析,我们强调何时以及如何保存样品,储存和运输以备日后分析。我们希望这将有利于并鼓励进行实地研究或诊断的研究人员收集和保存S.stercoralis进行分子遗传/基因组分析,并自行分析或使其可供他人进一步分析。
Strongyloidiasis is a soil-borne helminthiasis, which, in spite of the up to 370 million people currently estimated to be infected with its causing agent, the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis, is frequently overlooked. Recent molecular taxonomic studies conducted in Southeast Asia and Australia, showed that dogs can carry the same genotypes of S. stercoralis that also infect humans, in addition to a presumably dog-specific Strongyloides species. This suggests a potential for zoonotic transmission of S. stercoralis from dogs to humans. Although natural S. stercoralis infections have not been reported in any host other than humans, non-human primates and dogs, other as yet unidentified animal reservoirs cannot be excluded. Molecular studies also showed that humans carry rather different genotypes of S. stercoralis. As a result, their taxonomic status and the question of whether they differ in their pathogenic potential remains open. It would therefore be very important to obtain molecular genetic/genomic information about S. stercoralis populations from around the world. One way of achieving this (with little additional sampling effort) would be that people encountering S. stercoralis in the process of their diagnostic work preserve some specimens for molecular analysis. Here we provide a
guideline for the isolation, preservation, genotyping at the nuclear 18S rDNA and the mitochondrial cox1 loci, and for whole genome sequencing of single S. stercoralis worms. Since in many cases the full analysis is not possible or desired at the place and time where S. stercoralis are found, we emphasize when and how samples can be preserved, stored and shipped for later analysis. We hope this will benefit and encourage researchers conducting field studies or diagnostics to collect and preserve S. stercoralis for molecular genetic/genomic analyses and either analyze them themselves or make them available to others for further analysis.