最近越来越多的证据表明,COVID-19疫苗接种诱导的中枢神经系统炎症的罕见发生。然而,与COVID-19疫苗接种相关的自身免疫相关的免疫失调的准确信息仍然难以捉摸.在这里,我们报告了一例与COVID-19疫苗接种暂时相关的脑炎,其中单细胞RNA测序(scRNA-seq)分析用于阐明外周免疫系统中独特的免疫特征。使用scRNA-seq分析外周血单核细胞(PBMC),以阐明患者在疾病急性期和缓解期的细胞成分。将获得的数据与从健康队列获得的数据进行比较。scRNA-seq分析在脑炎急性期鉴定了PBMC中不同的骨髓细胞群。在疾病的缓解期或健康队列中均未检测到该特定的骨髓群。我们的研究结果表明,在与COVID-19疫苗接种暂时相关的脑炎中诱导了一个独特的骨髓亚群。有必要进一步研究COVID-19疫苗接种相关的自身免疫功能失调,包括中枢神经系统(CNS)的脑脊液(CSF)细胞,以阐明我们研究中观察到的髓样亚群的致病作用。
Recently accumulating evidence has highlighted the rare occurrence of COVID-19 vaccination-induced inflammation in the central nervous system. However, the precise information on immune dysregulation related to the COVID-19 vaccination-associated autoimmunity remains elusive. Here we report a
case of encephalitis temporally associated with COVID-19 vaccination, where single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was applied to elucidate the distinct immune signature in the peripheral immune system. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed using scRNA-seq to clarify the cellular components of the patients in the acute and remission phases of the disease. The data obtained were compared to those acquired from a healthy cohort. The scRNA-seq analysis identified a distinct myeloid cell population in PBMCs during the acute phase of encephalitis. This specific myeloid population was detected neither in the remission phase of the disease nor in the healthy cohort. Our findings illustrate induction of a unique myeloid subset in encephalitis temporally associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Further research into the dysregulated immune signature of COVID-19 vaccination-associated autoimmunity including the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells of central nervous system (CNS) is warranted to clarify the pathogenic role of the myeloid subset observed in our study.