side-effects

副作用
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:经过数十年的使用,甲氨蝶呤在住院和门诊环境中均显示出既定的安全性和有效性。尽管它广泛使用,令人惊讶的是,很少有临床证据指导甲氨蝶呤在皮肤科的日常实践。
    目的:在指导有限的领域为临床医生提供日常实践指导。
    方法:在皮肤科常规环境中使用甲氨蝶呤,对23种陈述进行了Delphi共识练习。
    结果:就涵盖六个主要领域的声明达成共识:(1)筛查前检查和治疗监测;(2)未接受甲氨蝶呤的患者的给药和给药;(3)缓解患者的最佳策略;(4)叶酸的使用;(5)安全性;(6)毒性和疗效的预测因子。对所有23份声明都提出了具体建议。
    结论:为了优化甲氨蝶呤的疗效,使用适当的剂量优化治疗是至关重要的,在治疗到靶标的策略上进行基于药物的快速增加,并且优选地使用皮下制剂。为了适当地管理安全方面,在治疗过程中,必须评估患者的危险因素并进行适当的监测。
    BACKGROUND: After decades of use, methotrexate displays an established safety and efficacy profile in both in-hospital and outpatient settings. Despite its widespread use, there is surprisingly little clinical evidence to guide daily practice with methotrexate in dermatology.
    OBJECTIVE: To provide guidance for clinicians in daily practice for areas in which there is limited guidance.
    METHODS: A Delphi consensus exercise on 23 statements was carried out on the use of methotrexate in dermatological routine settings.
    RESULTS: Consensus was reached on statements that cover six main areas: (1) pre-screening exams and monitoring of therapy; (2) dosing and administration in patients naïve to methotrexate; (3) optimal strategy for patients in remission; (4) use of folic acid; (5) safety; and (6) predictors of toxicity and efficacy. Specific recommendations are provided for all 23 statements.
    CONCLUSIONS: In order to optimize methotrexate efficacy, it is essential to optimize treatment using appropriate dosages, carrying out a rapid drug-based step-up on a treat-to-target strategy and preferably using the subcutaneous formulation. To manage safety aspects appropriately, it is essential to evaluate patients\' risk factors and carry out proper monitoring during the course of treatment.
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  • 文章类型: Practice Guideline
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    辅助内分泌治疗(AET)的副作用在乳腺癌幸存者中很常见,并且会影响对治疗的坚持。我们综合了自我管理这些副作用的策略的证据。
    我们搜索了有关AET副作用的自我管理策略的系统评价和临床指南(关节痛,疲劳,潮热,肠胃不适,恶心,外阴阴道症状,和睡眠障碍)。我们搜索了肿瘤学组织的网站和八个数据库(Inception-2020年11月)。筛选,数据提取和质量评估独立完成,一式两份.
    2019CRD4201914001。
    我们确定了33篇系统评价和18篇临床指南。21%的评论是高质量的,指南的平均质量评分为44%.大多数策略的证据缺乏或薄弱。来自低质量审查和多个指南的共识是推荐保湿霜,外阴阴道症状的凝胶和润滑剂。体力活动对自我管理大多数症状的证据很弱,尽管两项高质量的评论表明,瑜伽和有氧运动可以减轻疲劳。初级研究通常因研究设计薄弱和动力不足而产生偏见。11篇综述没有报告有关不良事件的信息。
    大多数针对经历AET副作用的乳腺癌幸存者的自我管理策略缺乏证据。需要使用高质量的动力良好的设计进行初步研究,重点是可实施的策略。
    患者和临床医生应该意识到,尽管这些自我管理策略的伤害风险很低,获益的可能性通常不清楚。女性应该考虑保湿霜,用于自我管理外阴阴道症状的凝胶或润滑剂,和瑜伽或有氧运动缓解疲劳。
    Side-effects of adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) are common in breast cancer survivors, and can affect adherence to treatment. We synthesised the evidence for strategies to self-manage these side-effects.
    We searched for systematic reviews and clinical guidelines on self-management strategies for AET side-effects (arthralgia, fatigue, hot flashes, gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, vulvovaginal symptoms, and sleep disturbance). We searched oncology organisation\'s websites and eight databases (Inception-November 2020). Screening, data extraction and quality assessment were completed independently in duplicate.
    2019CRD4201914001.
    We identified 33 systematic reviews and 18 clinical guidelines. 21% of reviews were high quality, and the average quality score for guidelines was 44%. Evidence for most strategies was absent or weak. There was consensus from a low-quality review and multiple guidelines to recommend moisturisers, gels and lubricants for vulvovaginal symptoms. Evidence was weak for physical activity for self-managing most symptoms, although two high-quality reviews indicated yoga and aerobic exercise could reduce fatigue. Primary research was often biased by weak and underpowered study designs. Eleven reviews did not report information on adverse events.
    Most self-management strategies for breast cancer survivors experiencing side-effects from AET lack evidence. Primary research is needed using high-quality well-powered designs focusing on implementable strategies.
    Patients and clinicians should be aware that although the risk of harm is low for these self-management strategies, the likelihood of benefit is often unclear. Women should consider moisturisers, gels or lubricants for self-managing vulvovaginal symptoms, and yoga or aerobic exercise for alleviating fatigue.
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  • 文章类型: Editorial
    The number of kinesiology tape\'s users is increasing year by year. However, the insufficiency of fundamental knowledge about the appropriate usage of kinesiology tapes can generate undesired side-effects caused by incorrect application of kinesiology tapes and/or denouncement of kinesiology tapes as an ineffective practice. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange a set of general guidelines of kinesiology taping that must be followed. If not, the treatment may have to be ceased due to the side-effects such as skin\'s troubles. Another problem, which impeaches effectivity of treatment by kinesiology tapes, is focusing solely on the present area of pain or discomfort. However, such solution is only short-termed and the likelihood of reappearance of the pain is remarkably high. Therefore, it is essential to find and eliminate the origin of the problem. If these fundamentals conditions of tape\'s application are satisfied, the treatment by kinesiology tapes may bring us far more better results.
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