■不稳定的表面通常用于增强肌肉骨骼系统的柔韧性,以实现训练或康复目标。然而,它们在各种俯卧撑(PU)运动中对肩部肌肉激活的影响尚未得到彻底研究。因此,这项研究的目的是合成在稳定和不稳定表面上进行不同PU锻炼的没有肩胛骨皮肤发育不全的个体的肩部肌肉肌电图(EMG)数据。
■在电子数据库中进行了系统的在线搜索,包括WebofScience,PubMed,Scopus,和谷歌学者,截至2024年1月16日,使用预定义的关键字集。在筛选的1,971个标题和摘要中,由两名独立研究人员详细审查了80篇文章,以检查资格,其中28项符合条件的研究最终纳入.在评估偏见的质量和风险之后,这些研究是根据锻炼和肌肉群进行分类的,使用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析以估计总体效应大小.
■使用不稳定表面导致PU期间前三角肌活动减少[P=0.032;I2=91.34%;SMD=-0.630(95%CI-1.205,-0.055)],PU期间胸肌主要活动增加[P=0.006;I2=63.72%;SMD=0.282(95%CI0.079,0.484)],以及在膝盖PU期间[P=0.018;I2=32.29%;SMD=0.309(95%CI0.052,0.565)],PU期间肱三头肌活动增加[P=0.000;I2=85.05%;SMD=0.813(95%CI0.457,1.168)],膝关节PU[P=0.000;I2=0.00%;SMD=0.589(95%CI0.288,0.891)],以及俯卧撑加[P=0.006;I2=13.16%;SMD=0.563(95%CI0.161,0.965)]。然而,使用不稳定表面对俯卧撑加胸大肌EMG活动无显著影响[P=0.312;I2=22.82%;SMD=0.207(95%CI-0.194,0.609)].
■不稳定的表面可以调节不同PU运动中的肌肉活动,而对目标肌肉的影响取决于运动的类型。这篇综述的发现提供了一个框架,该框架基于不同PU锻炼期间每个肩部肌肉的活动水平,可以帮助教练,培训师,和运动治疗师选择最合适的PU类型来设计训练或康复计划。特别是,最适合增加前三角肌活动的运动是稳定表面上的PU。同时增加胸大肌和肱三头肌的活动,在膝盖PU和标准PU期间增加不稳定的表面。
■PROSPERO,标识符CRD42021268465。
UNASSIGNED: Unstable surfaces are commonly utilized to enhance the flexibility of the musculoskeletal system for achieving training or rehabilitation goals. However, their effects on
shoulder muscle activation during various push-up (PU) exercises have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to synthesize electromyography (EMG) data of
shoulder muscles in individuals without scapular dyskinesis performing different PU exercises on both stable and unstable surfaces.
UNASSIGNED: A systematic online search was conducted in electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, up to January 16, 2024, using predefined sets of keywords. Out of the 1,971 titles and abstracts screened, 80 articles were reviewed in detail by two independent researchers to check the eligibility, of which 28 eligible studies were ultimately included. Following assessment of the quality and risk of bias, the studies were categorized based on exercises and muscle groups, and a meta-analysis using a random-effects model was performed to estimate the overall effect size.
UNASSIGNED: The use of unstable surfaces led to a decrease in anterior deltoid activity during PU [P = 0.032; I2 = 91.34%; SMD = -0.630 (95% CI -1.205, -0.055)], an increase in pectoralis major activity during PU [P = 0.006; I2 = 63.72%; SMD = 0.282 (95% CI 0.079, 0.484)], as well as during knee PU [P = 0.018; I2 = 32.29%; SMD = 0.309 (95% CI 0.052, 0.565)], and an increase in triceps brachii activity during PU [P = 0.000; I2 = 85.05%; SMD = 0.813 (95% CI 0.457, 1.168)], knee PU [P = 0.000; I2 = 0.00%; SMD = 0.589 (95% CI 0.288, 0.891)], as well as during push-up plus [P = 0.006; I2 = 13.16%; SMD = 0.563 (95% CI 0.161, 0.965)]. However, the use of unstable surfaces did not show a significant effect on the EMG activity of the pectoralis major during push-up plus [P = 0.312; I2 = 22.82%; SMD = 0.207 (95% CI -0.194, 0.609)].
UNASSIGNED: Unstable surfaces can modulate muscle activity in different PU exercises, while the effects on the targeted muscles depend on the type of exercise. The findings of this
review provide a framework based on the level of activity of each
shoulder muscle during different PU exercises, which can help coaches, trainers, and sports therapists select the most suitable type of PU for designing training or rehabilitation programs. Particularly, the most suitable exercise for increasing anterior deltoid activity is PU on a stable surface. To concurrently increase activity of the pectoralis major and triceps brachii, adding unstable surfaces under hands during knee PU and standard PU is recommended.
UNASSIGNED: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021268465.