背景:已知饮食会影响人体肠道微生物组组成;然而,饮食如何影响肠道微生物组功能仍不清楚.
目的:我们根据个体的长期饮食质量,比较了个体之间粪便微生物组代谢途径的多样性和丰度/存在。
方法:在2个纵向队列中,我们在1996-2011年期间通过重复调查评估了参与者的日常饮食,并在2015-2018年收集了粪便样本.保持健康或不健康饮食的参与者(即,在整个随访期间保持在健康饮食评分的最高或最低五分之一)。如果参与者报告有癌症史,则被排除在外。心血管疾病,糖尿病,或高血压;最近7d有腹泻或便秘;或在收集粪便前6个月使用抗生素。使用HUMAnN2进行鸟枪宏基因组学的功能分析。通过多变量调整的线性或逻辑回归模型评估了饮食变量和420个微生物代谢途径的关联。
结果:我们包括144名成年人(平均年龄=64岁;55%为女性);66人饮食不健康,78人保持健康饮食。健康饮食组微生物基因家族和代谢途径的Shannonα多样性指数均较高(P<0.02),而β-多样性,根据布雷-柯蒂斯距离评估,组间无差异(P均>0.50)。在P<0.01[错误发现率(FDR)<0.15]时,健康饮食组显示出丰富的维生素和载体生物合成途径(例如,四氢叶酸,乙酰辅酶A,和l-蛋氨酸)和三羧酸(TCA)循环,和某些糖的降解增加(或生物合成减少)[例如,单磷酸胞苷(CMP)-军团胺酸盐,脱氧胸苷二磷酸(dTDP)-1-鼠李糖,和蔗糖],核苷酸,4-氨基丁酸酯,甲基乙二醛,硫酸盐,和芳香族化合物(例如,邻苯二酚和甲苯)。同时,在FDR<0.05时,几种食物组均与CMP-军团胺酸盐生物合成途径相关.
结论:在一项关于总体健康的小型纵向研究中,中国老年人,我们发现长期健康饮食与微生物基因家族和代谢途径的α-多样性增加以及与人类营养和健康相关的共生功能改变有关.
BACKGROUND: Diet is known to affect human gut microbiome composition; yet, how diet affects gut microbiome functionality remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE: We compared the diversity and abundance/presence of fecal microbiome metabolic pathways among individuals according to their long-term diet quality.
METHODS: In 2 longitudinal cohorts, we assessed participants\' usual diets via repeated surveys during 1996-2011 and collected a stool sample in 2015-2018. Participants who maintained a healthy or unhealthy diet (i.e., stayed in the highest or lowest quintile of a healthy diet score throughout follow-up) were selected. Participants were excluded if they reported a history of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or hypertension; had diarrhea or constipation in the last 7 d; or used antibiotics in the last 6 mo before stool collection. Functional profiling of shotgun metagenomics was performed using HUMAnN2. Associations of dietary variables and 420 microbial metabolic pathways were evaluated via multivariable-adjusted linear or logistic regression models.
RESULTS: We included 144 adults (mean age = 64 y; 55% female); 66 had an unhealthy diet and 78 maintained a healthy diet. The healthy diet group had higher Shannon α-diversity indexes of microbial gene families and metabolic pathways (both P < 0.02), whereas β-diversity, as evaluated by Bray-Curtis distance, did not differ between groups (both P > 0.50). At P < 0.01 [false discovery rate (FDR) <0.15], the healthy diet group showed enriched pathways for vitamin and carrier biosynthesis (e.g., tetrahydrofolate, acetyl-CoA, and l-methionine) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and increased degradation (or reduced biosynthesis) of certain sugars [e.g., cytidine monophosphate (CMP)-legionaminate, deoxythymidine diphosphate (dTDP)-l-rhamnose, and sucrose], nucleotides, 4-aminobutanoate, methylglyoxal, sulfate, and aromatic compounds (e.g., catechol and toluene). Meanwhile, several food groups were associated with the CMP-legionaminate biosynthesis pathway at FDR <0.05.
CONCLUSIONS: In a small longitudinal
study of generally healthy, older Chinese adults, we found long-term healthy eating was associated with increased α-diversity of microbial gene families and metabolic pathways and altered symbiotic functions relevant to human nutrition and health.