在美国,婴儿菠菜主要在亚利桑那州(AZ)和加利福尼亚州(CA)生产。表征生长区域对婴儿菠菜细菌质量的影响可以为行业的质量管理实践提供信息。在2021年12月至2022年12月之间,在收获和包装后对婴儿菠菜进行了采样,以进行微生物测试。包括在4°C下储存的包装样品的保质期测试。测试样品以(i)确定细菌浓度,和(ii)获得并鉴定细菌分离物。来自萨利纳斯的包装样品,CA,面积(n=13),与尤马的相比,AZ,面积(n=9),有明显更高的细菌浓度,平均而言,0.78log10CFU/g(P<0.01,基于有氧,嗜温平板计数数据)或0.67log10CFU/g(P<0.01,基于心理耐受性平板计数数据);来自尤马和萨利纳斯地区的收获样品的细菌浓度没有显着差异。我们的数据还支持,收获前温度的增加与收获和包装的菠菜上细菌浓度的增加显着相关。费舍尔精确检验和线性判别分析(效应大小),分别,证明(i)2,186个细菌分离株的属与生长区域相关(P<0.01),(ii)假单胞菌属。和Exiguobacteriumspp。富含尤马和萨利纳斯地区的菠菜,分别。我们的发现提供了初步证据,表明生长区域和收获前温度可能会影响菠菜的细菌质量,因此可以提供更有针对性的策略来管理农产品质量。
目标:在美国,大多数菠菜是季节性在亚利桑那州(AZ)和加利福尼亚州(CA)生产的;通常,菠菜是在尤马种植的,AZ,在冬季和萨利纳斯地区,CA,地区在夏季。由于婴儿菠菜的细菌质量会影响消费者对产品的接受度,重要的是要评估婴儿菠菜的细菌质量是否在菠菜生长区域之间存在差异。这项研究的结果提供了见解,可用于支持针对婴儿菠菜的特定区域质量管理策略。我们的结果还强调了进一步评估生长区域和收获前温度对不同农产品商品细菌质量影响的价值。
In the U.S., baby spinach is mostly produced in Arizona (AZ) and California (CA). Characterizing the impact of growing region on the bacterial quality of baby spinach can inform quality management practices in industry. Between December 2021 and December 2022, baby spinach was sampled after harvest and packaging for microbiological testing, including shelf-life testing of packaged samples that were stored at 4°C. Samples were tested to (i) determine bacterial concentration, and (ii) obtain and identify bacterial isolates. Packaged samples from the Salinas, CA, area (n = 13), compared to those from the Yuma, AZ, area (n = 9), had a significantly higher bacterial concentration, on average, by 0.78 log10 CFU/g (P < 0.01, based on aerobic, mesophilic plate count data) or 0.67 log10 CFU/g (P < 0.01, based on psychrotolerant plate count data); the bacterial concentrations of harvest samples from the Yuma and Salinas areas were not significantly different. Our data also support that an increase in preharvest temperature is significantly associated with an increase in the bacterial concentration on harvested and packaged spinach. A Fisher\'s exact test and linear discriminant analysis (effect size), respectively, demonstrated that (i) the genera of 2,186 bacterial isolates were associated (P < 0.01) with growing region and (ii) Pseudomonas spp. and Exiguobacterium spp. were enriched in spinach from the Yuma and Salinas areas, respectively. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that growing region and preharvest temperature may impact the bacterial quality of spinach and thus could inform more targeted strategies to manage produce quality.
OBJECTIVE: In the U.S., most spinach is produced in Arizona (AZ) and California (CA) seasonally; typically, spinach is cultivated in the Yuma, AZ, area during the winter and in the Salinas, CA, area during the summer. As the bacterial quality of baby spinach can influence consumer acceptance of the product, it is important to assess whether the bacterial quality of baby spinach can vary between spinach-growing regions. The findings of this
study provide insights that could be used to support region-specific quality management strategies for baby spinach. Our results also highlight the value of further evaluating the impact of growing region and preharvest temperature on the bacterial quality of different produce commodities.