奶牛养殖面临着奶牛小牛细菌感染的重大挑战,这会对他们的健康和生产力产生不利影响。这篇综述全面概述了乳牛中最常见的细菌感染,包括大肠杆菌,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌,都柏林沙门氏菌,肠沙门氏菌,产气荚膜梭菌,多杀性巴氏杆菌,单核细胞增生李斯特菌,牛支原体,和嗜血杆菌.这些病原体可引起各种临床体征和症状,导致腹泻,呼吸窘迫,败血症,甚至死亡率。管理实践等因素,环境条件,和畜群健康影响感染的发生率和严重程度。有效的管理和预防策略包括良好的初乳和营养喂养,早期发现,适当的治疗,卫生习惯,和支持性护理。定期的健康监测和诊断测试有助于早期发现和干预。抗生素的使用应该是明智的,以防止抗生素耐药性和支持性护理,如液体治疗和营养支持促进恢复。诊断方法,包括免疫学测试,文化,聚合酶链反应(PCR),和血清学,帮助鉴定特定的病原体。这篇综述还探讨了诊断方面的最新进展,治疗,预防乳牛的细菌感染,为奶农提供有价值的见解,兽医,和研究人员。通过综合相关的科学文献,这篇综述有助于制定有效的策略,旨在减轻细菌感染对健康的影响,福利,和小牛的生产力。此外,需要更多的研究来加强对乳牛细菌感染的流行病学和特征的了解。
Dairy farming faces a significant challenge of bacterial infections in dairy calves, which can have detrimental effects on their health and productivity. This
review offers a comprehensive overview of the most prevalent bacterial infections in dairy calves, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella dublin, Salmonella enterica, Clostridium perfringens, Pasteurella multocida, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycoplasma bovis, and Haemophilus somnus. These pathogens can cause various clinical signs and symptoms, leading to diarrhea, respiratory distress,
septicemia, and even mortality. Factors such as management practices, environmental conditions, and herd health influence the incidence and severity of the infections. Efficient management and prevention strategies include good colostrum and nutrient feeding, early detection, appropriate treatment, hygiene practices, and supportive care. Regular health monitoring and diagnostic tests facilitate early detection and intervention. The use of antibiotics should be judicious to prevent antimicrobial resistance and supportive care such as fluid therapy and nutritional support promotes recovery. Diagnostic methods, including immunological tests, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serology, aid in the identification of specific pathogens. This
review also explores recent advancements in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bacterial infections in dairy calves, providing valuable insights for dairy farmers, veterinarians, and researchers. By synthesizing pertinent scientific literature, this
review contributes to the development of effective strategies aimed at mitigating the impact of bacterial infections on the health, welfare, and productivity of young calves. Moreover, more research is required to enhance the understanding of the epidemiology and characterization of bacterial infections in dairy calves.