陆地有毒动物的毒害被认为是全球人类健康的严重威胁。蛇,膜翅目昆虫,蜘蛛,蝎子主要引起医学文献的注意。然而,蜘蛛的相对重要性仅在少数国家进行了研究。这里,我们提出了第一个关于西班牙需要住院治疗的蜘蛛咬伤发生率的回顾性研究,与蛇的叮咬或叮咬相比,膜翅目昆虫,蝎子。使用1997-2020年世界卫生组织国际疾病分类的ICD9MC和ICD10数据库,我们量化了蜘蛛引起的毒害病例,与其他陆地有毒动物相比,有毒病例的人口统计数据,蜘蛛咬伤的相对严重程度,以及毒害病例的地理分布。总的来说,西班牙陆地有毒动物急性中毒的发生率约为。每百万居民1.23例。按重要性递减顺序,病例是由于蛇,膜翅目昆虫,蜘蛛,蝎子,和myriapods.致命病例极为罕见,主要由膜翅目引起。没有蜘蛛造成死亡,蝎子,和myriapods.在西班牙北部,蛇咬伤的发生率更高,但是没有发现蜘蛛叮咬或蝎子叮咬的地理趋势。在西班牙,由于有毒陆地动物的叮咬或刺伤而导致的严重中毒或危及生命的病例似乎非常低,尤其是蜘蛛,与世界上其他国家相比。总的来说,蜘蛛不会对人类健康构成威胁,因此不应被视为发病率的主要驱动因素。
Envenomation by terrestrial toxic animals is considered a serious risk to human health worldwide. Snakes, hymenopterans, spiders, and scorpions have mainly attracted the attention of medical literature. However, the relative importance of spiders has been studied only in a few countries. Here, we present the first retrospective
study on the incidence of spider bites requiring hospital care in Spain, compared to bites or stings from snakes, hymenopterans, and scorpions. Using ICD9MC and ICD10 databases from the World Health Organization\'s International Classification of Diseases for the period 1997-2020, we quantified the cases of envenomation by spiders, compared to those by other terrestrial toxic animals, the demographic data of envenomation cases, the relative severity of spider bites, and the geographic distribution of envenomation cases. Overall, the incidence of acute intoxication by terrestrial toxic animals in Spain was ca. 1.23 cases per million inhabitants. In decreasing order of importance, cases were due to snakes, hymenopterans, spiders, scorpions, and myriapods. Fatal cases were extremely rare, caused mainly by hymenopterans. No fatalities were caused by spiders, scorpions, and myriapods. A greater incidence of snake bites occurred in northern Spain, but no geographical trends were found for spider bites or
scorpion stings. Severe poisoning or life-threatening cases due to bites or stings from toxic terrestrial animals in Spain seems to be very low, especially for spiders, compared to other countries in the world. In general, spiders do not present a risk to human health and should not be considered a major driver of morbidity.