Ciliopathies are a broad range of inherited developmental and degenerative diseases associated with structural or functional defects in motile or primary non-motile cilia. There are around 200 known ciliopathy disease genes and whilst genetic testing can provide an accurate diagnosis, 24-60% of ciliopathy patients who undergo genetic testing do not receive a genetic diagnosis. This is partly because following current guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and the Association for Molecular Pathology, it is difficult to provide a confident clinical diagnosis of disease caused by missense or non-coding variants, which account for more than one-third of cases of disease. Mutations in PRPF31 are the second most common cause of the degenerative retinal ciliopathy autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Here, we present a high-throughput high-content imaging assay providing quantitative measure of effect of missense variants in PRPF31 which meets the recently published criteria for a baseline standard in vitro test for clinical variant interpretation. This assay utilizes a new PRPF31+/- human retinal cell line generated using CRISPR gene editing to provide a stable cell line with significantly fewer cilia in which novel missense variants are expressed and characterised. We show that high-content imaging of cells expressing missense variants in a ciliopathy gene on a null background can allow characterisation of variants according to the cilia phenotype. We hope that this will be a useful tool for clinical characterisation of PRPF31 variants of uncertain significance, and can be extended to variant classification in other ciliopathies.

BACKGROUND: Concerning the indications, progression in course and the possible complications, the different methods of treatment in cases of retinoschisis in its different expressions were examined. A staging of senile retinoschisis is presented.
METHODS: Patients\' natural course, prophylactic treatment against expansion and treatment of retinal detachment were examined.
RESULTS: The lateral and central barrier of laser or cryo around the schisis is contradictory since a progression in direction to the macula is the result. Three of such cases could be found. In 6 of 52 cases with prophylactic treatment of an outer layer defect with cryo the result was a schisis detachment. In all these cases a retinal reattachment was performed with the Custodis procedure. The final anatomic result of 95 treated schisis retinal detachments was a 98% success. The symptomatic or progressive cases had a little less favourable outcome.
CONCLUSIONS: The only indication for treatment of a schisis at present is the symptomatic or progressive schisis detachment with threatening of the macula. Lateral or central barring of a schisis or treatment of the borders of an outer layer retinal break should be avoided. The rate of reattachment and the functional results are better than in the group of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments including the 50.5% schisis retinal detachments without symptoms.

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