背景：睡眠，营养,主动恢复,冷水浸泡，据报道，按摩是职业足球中最常用的赛后恢复方法。然而,关于这些方法效果的建议仍不清楚.
目的：系统回顾有关男女足球运动员（或其他团体运动）在比赛后72小时应用的最常用恢复方法的有效性的文献，并为其使用提供分级建议。
方法：对文献进行了系统的检索，随机和非随机研究的证据水平分别分为1或2，使用额外的++，+,并根据研究质量和偏倚风险进行分类。提供了关于恢复方法的有效性的分级建议，生理,和感知变量。
结果：从确定的3472篇文章中，39符合纳入分析标准。研究的证据水平因方法而异（睡眠：2至1；营养：2至1；冷水浸泡：2至1；主动恢复：2至1；按摩：1至1）。划分了不同的分级建议，他们都不赞成有效使用生理和物理参数的恢复方法，而按摩和冷水浸泡被建议对感知变量有益。
结论：可以推荐冷水浸泡和按摩，以在感知水平上恢复到比赛后72小时。然而,当前需要高质量的研究，以确定有效的恢复策略，以增强身体和生理水平的恢复。
BACKGROUND: Sleep, nutrition, active recovery, cold-water immersion, and massage were recently reported as the most used postmatch recovery methods in professional football. However, the recommendations concerning the effect of these methods remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically
review the literature regarding the effectiveness of the most common recovery methods applied to male and female football players (or other team sports) 72 hours postmatches and to provide graded recommendations for their use.
METHODS: A systematic search of the literature was performed, and the level of evidence of randomized and nonrandomized studies was classified as 1 or 2, respectively, with additional ++, +, and - classification according to the quality of the study and risk of bias. Graded recommendations were provided regarding the effectiveness of recovery methods for physical, physiological, and perceptive variables.
RESULTS: From the 3472 articles identified, 39 met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The studies\' levels of evidence varied among methods (sleep: 2+ to 1++; nutrition: 2- to 1+; cold-water immersion: 2- to 1++; active recovery: 2- to 1+; and massage: 1- to 1+). Different graded recommendations were attributed, and none of them favored the effective use of recovery methods for physiological and physical parameters, whereas massage and cold-water immersion were recommended as beneficial for perceptive variables.
CONCLUSIONS: Cold-water immersion and massage can be recommended to recover up to 72 hours postmatch at a perceptive level. However, there is a current need for high-quality research that identifies effective recovery strategies that enhance recovery at the physical and physiological levels.
