前列腺癌是影响男性的恶性肿瘤之一,并显着导致全球男性死亡率增加。受前列腺癌影响的患者存在局部或晚期疾病。在这次审查中,我们的目标是提供前列腺癌的整体概述,包括疾病的诊断,导致疾病发作和进展的突变,和治疗选择。前列腺癌的诊断包括直肠指检,前列腺特异性抗原分析,和前列腺活检。某些基因的突变与发病有关,programming,和癌症的转移。局部前列腺癌的治疗包括主动监测,消融性放疗,和根治性前列腺切除术.复发或存在转移性前列腺癌的男性接受雄激素剥夺治疗(ADT),抢救放射治疗,和化疗。目前,当作为联合疗法使用时,可用的治疗方案更有效;然而,尽管有治疗选择,前列腺癌仍然无法治愈。一直在研究寻找和确定其他治疗方法,例如使用传统医学,纳米技术的应用,和基因治疗来对抗前列腺癌,耐药性,以及减少当前治疗方案带来的不良影响。在这篇文章中,我们总结了与前列腺癌有关的基因,可用的治疗选择,以及目前对替代治疗方案的研究。
Prostate cancer is one of the malignancies that affects men and significantly contributes to increased mortality rates in men globally. Patients affected with prostate cancer present with either a localized or advanced disease. In this
review, we aim to provide a holistic overview of prostate cancer, including the diagnosis of the disease, mutations leading to the onset and progression of the disease, and treatment options. Prostate cancer diagnoses include a digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen analysis, and prostate biopsies. Mutations in certain genes are linked to the onset, progression, and metastasis of the cancer. Treatment for localized prostate cancer encompasses active surveillance, ablative radiotherapy, and radical prostatectomy. Men who relapse or present metastatic prostate cancer receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), salvage radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Currently, available treatment options are more effective when used as combination therapy; however, despite available treatment options, prostate cancer remains to be incurable. There has been ongoing research on finding and identifying other treatment approaches such as the use of traditional medicine, the application of nanotechnologies, and gene therapy to combat prostate cancer, drug resistance, as well as to reduce the adverse effects that come with current treatment options. In this article, we summarize the genes involved in prostate cancer, available treatment options, and current research on alternative treatment options.