BACKGROUND: The objective is to study the pregnancy outcomes and the recurrence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) following laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (SCP) with uterine preservation in patients who are considering future fertility.
METHODS: This is a retrospective study in single teaching hospital. The study included six young women who conceived spontaneously, after laparoscopic SCP. Data were retrieved from the medical records of patients who underwent laparoscopic SCP and became pregnant after surgery.
RESULTS:  A total of six women conceived spontaneously. Two of them got pregnant twice. The total number of pregnancies was considered to be eight. Two pregnancies ended in spontaneous miscarriages; one of them required dilatation and curettage. Five pregnancies were carried out to term, and one pregnancy ended by preterm delivery at 32 weeks. All the neonates were at appropriate weight as per their respective gestational ages except the one preterm delivery, which was small for gestational age. No intraoperative difficulties were reported during all cesarean sections. Follow-up was documented by objective assessment for more than four years post laparoscopic SCP. No recurrent apical prolapse was found. Only one patient had a recurrent, symptomatic, grade two cystocele that required reoperation.
CONCLUSIONS:  Patients who desired fertility and presented with symptomatic high-grade POP were good candidates for laparoscopic SCP. Our findings demonstrate the visibility of laparoscopic SCP as an effective surgical intervention that not only levitates symptomatic POP but preserves fertility in young women.

UNASSIGNED: Adequate reconstruction of the soft tissue defect following resection of bone tumors is challenging. Prolene mesh, despite being a useful tool, is not widely used due to the fear of deep infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome and complications of using a Prolene mesh in oncological reconstructions.
UNASSIGNED: A retrospective study was conducted in bone tumor patients with soft tissue reconstruction using Prolene mesh between January 2017 and June 2019. Functional evaluation was done using MSTS 93 score. Complications were recorded and were classified as mechanical (dislocation and extension lag) or biological failure (wound problems and deep infection). Comparison was performed between groups with and without biological failure to identify predictive variables.
UNASSIGNED: Of 116 patients, 68 were males and 48 were females, with median age of 22.5 years. Thirty nine patients had tumors of proximal tibia, 23 of proximal femur, 25 of proximal humerus, 24 of pelvis, and five tumors at other sites. Approximately two-thirds (62.9%) of our patients underwent endoprosthetic reconstruction while the rest underwent either biological or cement spacer reconstructions. Excellent or good functional outcomes were reported in 98.3% patients as per MSTS 93 scoring. Complications were noted in 22 patients (18.9%), of which 16 had biological failure, with four patients requiring debridement and mesh removal. Dislocation of prosthesis occurred in 2 patients of proximal femur replacement. Overall re-surgery rate was 5.1% (6 patients). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with or without biological failure with respect to demographics, site of tumor, type of procedure, blood loss, duration of surgery and history of chemotherapy.
UNASSIGNED: Prolene mesh is a useful tool to reconstruct the soft tissue defects following bone tumor resections. It is readily available, reliable and provides reproducible results, with no added risk of wound complications.

Background Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed operations in general surgery, especially in the digestive field. Since the introduction of laparoscopic repair as well as using a synthetic mesh, the surgical trends have changed in the last decade in treating inguinal hernias. The laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal gives a better view of the inguinal anatomy, and the procedure also has a short learning curve. We aim to evaluate the safety and early outcome of the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal technique for inguinal hernia repair using a Prolene® mesh (Ethicon Somerville, NJ, USA). Methods A prospective study was carried out among 31 adult patients with 34 inguinal hernia cases. They underwent the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal technique with a Prolene mesh at the Hue Central Hospital from December 2018 through May 2019. Results The mean age was 60.4 ± 11.8, and 96.8% of cases were male. Strangulated hernia and incarcerated hernia accounted for 2.9% and 8.8% of cases, respectively. The mean duration of unilateral inguinal hernia repair and bilateral inguinal repair was 57.1 ± 17.3 minutes and 80.3 ± 10.6 minutes, respectively. The mean duration of the postoperative hospital stay was 3.9 ± 1.4 days. One (3.2%) case with contralateral inguinal hernia was detected intraoperatively. An early and three-month postoperative evaluation showed that 93.5% and 96.8% of cases were categorized as \"very good\", respectively. At the three-month evaluation, one case was reported with sensation disorder of the inguinal area, and there was no recurrence. Conclusions Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair is a safe and feasible technique. It allows surgeons to explore the opposite site and resolve the combined peritoneal diseases.

UNASSIGNED: The study aimed to compare the techniques applying prolene mesh and progrip-self fixating mesh in terms of post-operative pain, limitation of movement and quality of life.
UNASSIGNED: The study was conducted from November 2014 to January 2016 in Department of Surgery, Manisa Celal Bayar University Hospital. The study recruited 50 male patients, aged 18 and over and was carried out as a double blinded procedure. Twenty-five patients were randomly selected to receive hernia repair by progrip self-fixating mesh and 25 patients were treated with hernia repair with suture fixation method by using prolene grafts, and patients\' pain follow-up was performed with face-to-face or telephone interviews with VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) and return to daily routine activities were evaluated with SF-36 (Short Form-36) quality of life scale. Recurrent hernias and emergency cases were excluded.
UNASSIGNED: The pain scores were lower and a statistically significant difference was achieved in patients in whom progrip self-fixating mesh was used in the early postoperative period. Both methods gave statistically similar results in terms of pain and quality of life.
UNASSIGNED: In the literature, there are some evidence that the repair applied with progrip self-fixating graft has more positive outcomes compared to the repairs applied with suture fixation. It is concluded that there is a need for longer follow-ups and larger series of cases in order to achieve a definite result.

BACKGROUND: Reconstruction modalities described after distal fibula resection varies from no reconstruction to size matched allograft or reconstruction with ipsilateral proximal fibula. Every procedure has their own limitation. We used Prolene mesh to reconstruct lateral restraint (Meshplasty) after distal fibulectomy.
OBJECTIVE: Is a minimal reconstruction using prolene mesh (meshplasty) adequate to restore ankle stability and function post distal fibula resection?
METHODS: This retrospective analysis was performed in patients who underwent distal fibulectomy at the tertiary cancer hospital in India, between 01/01/2006 and 31/12/2016. Distal fibulectomy was performed through standard lateral approach. A prolene mesh was anchored to distal tibia and talus using screws or Ethibond sutures. Rehabilitation protocol included below knee cast for 6 weeks followed by gradual full weight bearing mobilization and ankle range of motion. Total 9 patients with mean age of 25 years (range: 13-43) got operated for distal fibulectomy during this period. Mean resection length was 13.3 cm (range: 9-20).
RESULTS: Seven patients were available for final assessment at a median follow-up duration of 78 months (range: 34-161 months). Two patients developed local recurrence. Two patients developed distant recurrence both died of disease. One patient of GCT developed local recurrence in soft tissue at 30months, which was excised. Another patient of OGS developed local recurrence after 8 months along with distant recurrence. One patient of PNET developed distant recurrence at 3 months. One patient had a valgus deformity at 55 months follow up without any restriction of activity while the others had a stable ankle without any deformity. The mean MSTS score was 28 (24-29).
CONCLUSIONS: \"Meshplasty\" after distal fibulectomy is an easy, reproducible, time and cost effective reconstruction modality with minimal complications. It adequately restores ankle function while providing results comparable to other procedures.
METHODS: IV.

Introduction Tension-free repair of groin hernias with synthetic material by video-endoscopic surgery is a widely accepted method that is performed by various approaches. We aim to present our results of video-endoscopic tension-free repair of groin hernias via the total extraperitoneal (TEP) approach. Methods Between September 2016 and December 2018, 124 patients with groin hernias underwent tension-free repair using prolene mesh by video-endoscopic surgery via the TEP approach. This is a retrospective analysis of 110 (88.7%) male and 14 (11.3%) female patients with a mean age of 48.1 years. Groin hernia types, locations of hernias, intraoperative and postoperative complications, results of the mean 24-month follow-up, and recurrence rate were reported. Results A total of 134 hernias were repaired in 124 patients who had 53 (42.7%) right, 61 (49.2%) left, and 10 (8.1%) bilateral groin hernias. The most common hernia type was an indirect inguinal hernia in 83/134 (62%) groin hernias. A total of 119 (88.8%) and 15 (11.2%) hernias were primary and recurrent, respectively. Seroma was detected in two (1.6%) patients in the early postoperative period. The mean duration of hospital stay was 1.4 (1-3) days. During the follow-up period, hernia recurrence was determined in three (2.4%) patients. Hernia recurrence was detected among patients who were operated on during the first half of the study. Conclusion Tension-free repair of groin hernias by video-endoscopic technique via the TEP approach can be performed with very low complication and recurrence rates. The success of the TEP approach increases parallel to increasing surgical experience. The results of hernia repair via the TEP approach are highly satisfactory and encouraging, especially when attention is paid to proper patient selection during the learning curve period.

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence is an uncommon problem in males but has major impact on daily living. This study aimed to highlight the outcome of surgical treatment in terms of safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness in the management of urinary incontinence..
METHODS: A Total of 48 patients, prospective experimental study, in the duration of 4 years conducted at Department of Urology, Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College. Patients having moderate to severe urinary incontinence for 1 year after transurethral resection of prostate, radical prostatectomy, road traffic accident with pelvic fracture causing neurologic damage were included in this study. Patients having mild incontinence, having multiple co-morbid conditions were excluded from this study. Outcome of surgery was noted during follow up visit after 13 month (median). The data was obtained and analysed by using SPSS version 20. Mean and standard deviation for quantitative data, frequency and percentage for categorical variables were presented.
RESULTS: Out of 48 patients having urinary incontinence, 28 (58.3%) had severe urinary incontinence while 20 (41.7%) had moderate incontinence. After surgery, 28 (58.3%) patient had no leakage all day, 12 (25%) had some leakage while bending and 8 (16.7%) had no improvement in symptoms. On ultrasound recorded after voiding in post-surgery patients, 40 (83.3%) had no residual found in bladder while 8(16.7%) could not be assessed due to persistence of urinary incontinence.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study predicted that in patients having moderate to severe urinary incontinence, Prolene Mesh repair anchoring with Prolene suture can be an efficient and costeffective treatment for the urinary incontinence with least complications.

Hernia repair for large and complex hernias presents challenges related to the availability of larger mesh sizes. When sizes beyond those manufactured are required, multiple meshes (MM) may be sutured to create a larger graft. With the availability of large polypropylene mesh up to 50 × 50 cm (LM), abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) may be accomplished with a single mesh. This study evaluates clinical and economic outcomes following AWR with component separation utilizing MM and LM.
A retrospective study was performed with review of health records and cost accounting data. Patients that underwent AWR with LM were case matched 1:1 with patients undergoing MM repair based upon comorbidities, defect size and wound class.
Twenty-four patients underwent AWR with LM. Twenty patients (10F, 10 M) who underwent AWR with LM were matched with 20 MM AWR (11F, 9 M). Age, BMI, ASA 3 + , never smoker, diabetes, and hernia characteristics were similar between LM and MM. Operative cost ($4295 vs $3669, p = 0.127), operative time (259 min vs 243 min, p = 0.817), length of stay (5.5 vs 6.2, p = 0.484), wound complication (30% vs 20%, p = 0.716), infected seroma (5% vs 5%, p = 1), and readmission (5% vs 15%, p = 0.605) were similar between LM and MM, respectively.
This is the first report of patients undergoing AWR with a large 50 × 50 cm prolene mesh. In this small cohort, clinical outcomes were similar between those undergoing repair with multiple sutured mesh sheets and a single large mesh.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether enoxaparin (ENX) administration would increase seroma risk and worsen mesh tissue recovery in an experimental rat hernia repair model. Fifty-six adult male Wistar-Albino rats were included in the study. Rats were equally and randomly separated into seven groups: Group 1, Control, only subcutaneous dissection was performed; group 2, Sham, Hernia defect was primary sutured; Group 3, Prolene mesh; Group 4, Dual mesh; Group 5, ENX + Sham; Group 6, ENX + Prolene mesh; Group 7, ENX + Dual mesh. ENX was subcutaneously injected at a dose of 180 U/kg per day for 7 days. Rats were killed after the amount of subcutaneous seroma was determined by ultrasound on day 7 following the surgical procedure. Mesh-tissue healing was evaluated using histopathological and immunohistochemical (CD31) staining methods. The mean seroma amount significantly increased in Groups 5-7 compared to Groups 2-4. CD31 immunostaining showed a reduction in neovascularization in Groups 6 and 7, compared to Groups 3 and 4. Neovascularization decreased and hemorrhage, necrosis and oedema findings remarkably increased in Groups 6 and 7, when compared to Groups 3 and 4. Fibroblastic activity and inflammation were more prominent in Groups 3 and 4. It should be kept in mind that ENX interferes with inflammation, which is desired in the early period of healing and leads to an increase in overall seroma amount with anti-coagulant effects, which in turn may disrupt wound healing and mesh-tissue adhesions, as was indicated in our study.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a congenital defect of the diaphragm through which intestine and other viscera herniate into the chest. In extreme form of diaphragmatic maldevelopment, there might be a complete agenesis of diaphragm. A 45-day old male infant was presented with fever, cough and respiratory distress for a week. Chest radiograph showed right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The patient underwent surgical exploration and found to have an unusual and large defect of right hemidiaphragm. The diaphragm was absent on anterior and lateral aspects of the chest wall and only a small rim of diaphragm was present on posterior aspect. The defect was identified as agenesis of right hemidiaphragm and successfully managed by suturing the posterior rim of diaphragm to the intercostal muscles and ribs. This report describes successful management of hemidiaphragmatic agenesis without incorporating a prosthetic material.