背景:自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是遗传性神经发育障碍(NDD),但是环境风险因素也被认为在其发展中起作用。产前,围产期和父母因素与儿童ASD风险增加相关.本研究的目的是探索产前,围产期,北京自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的育儿危险因素,中国通过将它们与典型的发育(TD)儿童进行比较。
方法:本研究以北京康复机构的151名ASD儿童父母为样本,另外招募来自北京幼儿园的151名儿童作为对照组(儿童年龄:平均=4.4岁)。TD儿童根据年龄匹配,性和母亲教育。我们探索了母体AQ(自闭症谱系商)评分(平均值:19.40-19.71,两组之间无显着差异)以参考遗传基线。本研究通过未调整和调整分析评估了17个因素。
结果:出生窒息与ASD的风险高出13倍以上相关(校正比值比(AOR)=13.42)。母乳喂养困难与ASD的高风险相关(AOR=3.46)。育儿会影响ASD的风险,低反应(LR)和苛刻或忽视的育儿与后代ASD的高风险相关(LR的AOR=2.37,严厉的育儿AOR=3.42,忽视的育儿AOR=3.01)。孕妇在怀孕期间发烧与后代发生ASD的风险更高(AOR=3.81)。
结论:许多因素与后代ASD相关。需要进一步评估以阐明可改变的环境因素在预防战略中的作用。
BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is heritable neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), but environmental risk factors have also been suggested to a play a role in its development.
Prenatal, perinatal and parental factors have been associated with an increased risk of ASD in children. The aim of the present study was to explore the
prenatal, perinatal, and parenting risk factors in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from Beijing, China by comparing them with typically developing (TD) children.
METHODS: A sample of 151 ASD children\'s parents who from rehabilitation institutions in Beijing were enrolled in this study, and an additional 151 children from kindergartens in Beijing were recruited as a control group (child age: mean = 4.4 years). TD children were matched according to age, sex and maternal education. We explored the maternal AQ (Autism Spectrum Quotient) scores (mean:19.40-19.71, no significant difference between two groups) to referring the genetic baseline. This study evaluated 17 factors with unadjusted and adjusted analyses.
RESULTS: Birth asphyxia was associated with a more than a thirteen-fold higher risk of ASD (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 13.42). Breastfeeding difficulties were associated with a higher risk of ASD(AOR = 3.46). Parenting influenced the risk of ASD, with low responding (LR) and harsh or neglectful parenting associated with a higher risk of ASD in offspring (AOR = 2.37 for LR, AOR = 3.42 for harsh parenting and AOR = 3.01 for neglectful parenting). Maternal fever during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of ASD in offspring (AOR = 3.81).
CONCLUSIONS: Many factors were associated with ASD in offspring. Further assessment is needed to elucidate the role of modifiable environmental factors to inform prevention strategies.