OBJECTIVE: While graphics are commonly used by clinicians to communicate information to patients, the impact of using visual media on surgical patients is not understood. This review seeks to understand the current landscape of research analyzing impact of using visual aids to communicate with patients undergoing surgery, as well as gaps in the present literature.
METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed across 4 databases. Search terms included: visual aids, diagrams, graphics, surgery, patient education, informed consent, and decision making. Inclusion criteria were (i) full-text, peer-reviewed articles in English; (ii) evaluation of a nonelectronic visual aid(s); and (iii) surgical patient population.
RESULTS: There were 1402 articles identified; 21 met study criteria. Fifteen were randomized control trials and 6 were prospective cohort studies. Visual media assessed comprised of diagrams as informed consent adjuncts (n = 6), graphics for shared decision-making conversations (n = 3), other preoperative educational graphics (n = 8), and postoperative educational materials (n = 4). There was statistically significant improvement in patient comprehension, with an increase in objective knowledge recall (7.8%-29.6%) using illustrated educational materials (n = 10 of 15). Other studies noted increased satisfaction (n = 4 of 6), improvement in shared decision-making (n = 2 of 4), and reduction in patient anxiety (n = 3 of 6). For behavioral outcomes, visual aids improved postoperative medication compliance (n = 2) and lowered postoperative analgesia requirements (n = 2).
CONCLUSIONS: The use of visual aids to enhance the surgical patient experience is promising in improving knowledge retention, satisfaction, and reducing anxiety. Future studies ought to consider visual aid format, and readability, as well as patient language, race, and healthcare literacy.

BACKGROUND: Although psychoeducational group interventions are increasingly used for adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a comprehensive review focused on the feasibility and acceptability indicators of these interventions remains lacking. Furthermore, although previous research has explored various aspects of psychoeducation for ADHD, such as its definition and approaches, limited research has focused on the synthesis for outcome measures and patients\' experiences related to these interventions. Therefore, this scoping review aims to map the existing evidence reported on psychoeducational group interventions for adults diagnosed with ADHD. The objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of feasibility indicators, acceptability, and outcome measures used in psychoeducational group interventions.
METHODS: A comprehensive structured literature search on the topic was performed in seven bibliographic databases, and the resulting records were independently screened, and their data extracted by two reviewers. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-S) to ensure the transparency and rigor of this scoping review.
RESULTS: The searches yielded 7510 records. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. These included studies were conducted in European countries and the United States. Among these, six studies used a randomized control design, one an open feasibility trial, and one a pre-post intervention design. All the studies reported some feasibility and acceptability indicators. While all the studies reported on the severity of symptoms of ADHD as an outcome measure, some also reported on outcomes related to psychological or mental-health problems, quality of life, changes in knowledge regarding ADHD, or the level of self-esteem, functioning, and impairment.
CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review revealed that psychoeducational group interventions are generally acceptable for patients in terms of patient satisfaction with the group intervention. All included studies reported some feasibility indicators, with some reporting good attendance and relatively low dropout rates. Most studies reported positive effects on ADHD and mental health symptoms, suggesting that these interventions are beneficial for adults with ADHD. However, several gaps exist regarding the reporting on the feasibility indicators, acceptability, and outcome measures employed across studies.

UNASSIGNED: Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is a severe and rapidly progressing disease with a high fatality rate. Patient education (PE) has been demonstrated to promote long-term adherence to exercise and lifestyle improvements by assisting patients in developing self-management techniques. Our scoping review\'s goal was to chart out the prevailing level of research about the content, processes, and effectiveness of PE for patients with ILD.
UNASSIGNED: The relevant databases were searched using the rules provided by Arksey and O\'Malley in 2005 and the Joanna Briggs Institute reviewers\' manual 2015: an approach for JBI scoping reviews. Individuals with ILD, published in English between the years of inception and 2020, and describing PE administered by various healthcare practitioners were among the 355 studies found and reviewed. Thirteen studies met these criteria.
UNASSIGNED: PE delivery process, delivery techniques, quality of life assessments, common PE themes, and healthcare professional participation were all recognized and cataloged.
UNASSIGNED: Despite the fact that healthcare professionals (physicians, nurses, and physiotherapists) provide PE to patients with ILD regularly, the PE provided varies greatly (contents of PE, process of delivery and delivery techniques). During the scoping review, a significant variation in the themes was addressed. They could not provide any evidence-based specific recommendations for all healthcare practitioners due to the studies\' heterogeneity and lack of effectiveness measures.

Enzymes in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) have emerged as essential biomarkers in the field of periodontics, providing critical insights into the health and stability of dental implants. This essay explores the significance of various enzymes in PISF, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), elastase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), in assessing the local inflammatory environment and diagnosing peri-implant diseases. The analysis of these enzymes facilitates early detection of complications, personalized treatment planning, and long-term monitoring, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to patient care. Collaboration among dental professionals and patient education is crucial in ensuring the successful management and maintenance of dental implants. Understanding the role of enzymes in PISF and their implications in periodontal health underscores their significance in contemporary periodontics and emphasizes the need for ongoing research and technological advancements.

The aim of this study was to assess the moderator effect of the target concepts covered in the Pain science education (PSE) sessions, including both the total amount of target concepts and each individual target concept, on changes in pain intensity and disability in patients with chronic spinal pain (CSP). A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and CENTRAL was conducted from inception to March 10, 2024. A random effects model was used for meta-regression analysis. A total of 11 studies were included. The total amount of target concepts of PSE showed a significant correlation with changes in pain intensity (k=11; F=4.45; p=0.04; R2=26.07 %). In terms of each target content, only a significant effect on pain intensity was obtained for \'transfer knowledge about pain to an adaptive behavioural change\' (z=-2.35, P =0.019, 95 %CI -3.42 to -0.31) and \'reconceptualization of pain\' (z=-2.43, P =0.015, 95 %CI -3.70 to -0.39). No significant effect on disability was found. These results may be useful for optimising the effectiveness of PSE programmes.

UNASSIGNED: There are numerous publications on inpatient medication errors. However, little focus is given to medication errors that occur at home.
UNASSIGNED: To describe and analyse the types of medication errors among community-dwelling patients following their discharge from an acute care hospital in Singapore.
UNASSIGNED: This is a retrospective review of a \'good catch\' reporting system from December 2018 to March 2022. Medication-related errors were extracted and analysed.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 73 reported medication-related error incidents were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 78 years old (SD=9). Most patients managed their medications independently at home (45.2%, n=33). The majority of medications involved were cardiovascular medications (51.5%, n=50). Incorrect dosing (41.1%, n=39) was the most common medication error reported. Poor understanding of medication usage (35.6%, n=26) and lack of awareness of medication changes after discharge (24.7%, n=18) were the primary causes of the errors.
UNASSIGNED: This study\'s findings provide valuable insights into reducing medication errors at home. More attention must be given to post-discharge care, especially to preventable medication errors. Medication administration and management education can be emphasised using teach-back methods.

Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is a chatbot based on a large language model that has gained public interest since its release in November 2022. This systematic review examines the current literature on the potential applications of ChatGPT in cardiology. A systematic literature search was conducted to retrieve all publications on ChatGPT in PubMed, Scopus, MedRxiv, and the Cochrane Library published on or before September 30, 2023. Search terms relating to ChatGPT and cardiology were used. Publications without relevance to ChatGPT and cardiology were excluded. The included publications were divided into cohorts. Cohort A examined ChatGPT\'s role in improving patient health literacy. Cohort B explored ChatGPT\'s role in clinical care. Cohort C examined ChatGPT\'s role in future literature and research. Cohort D included case reports that used ChatGPT. A total of 115 publications were found across all databases. Twenty-four publications met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Cohort A-C included a total of 14 records comprised of editorials/letters to the editor (29%), research letters/correspondence (21%), review papers (21%), observational studies (7%), research studies (7%), and short reports (7%). Cohort D included 10 case reports. No relevant systematic literature reviews, meta-analyses, or randomized controlled trials were identified in the search.  Based on this review of the literature, ChatGPT has the potential to enhance patient education, support clinicians providing clinical care, and enhance the development of future literature. However, further studies are needed to understand the potential applications of ChatGPT in cardiology and to address ethical concerns regarding the delivery of medical advice and the authoring of manuscripts.

Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death worldwide, and coronary heart disease (CHD) is a prevalent cardiovascular condition and a significant health burden for the population. In this disease, insufficient blood flow to the heart due to plaque accumulation in the coronary arteries causes chest pain, heart attack, and even death. So, it is vital to identify risk factors, prevention, appropriate treatment, and rehabilitation. Nurses play an indispensable role in managing and caring for patients with CHD. Indeed, they possess a deep understanding of the disease and its complexities, enabling them to provide comprehensive care to patients. Nurses monitor vital signs, administer medications, and perform diagnostic tests, ensuring patients receive timely and appropriate interventions. They also educate patients and their families about CHD, emphasizing lifestyle modifications, medication adherence, and self-care practices. Moreover, nurses offer emotional support, guiding patients through the physical and psychological challenges associated with CHD. Their expertise, compassion, and dedication significantly improve patient outcomes and overall quality of life. Nurses are responsible for assessing, diagnosing, and counseling patients on how to manage their disease, making them the front line of defense in preventing and addressing this serious condition. In the current study, we reviewed the literature to consider the best practices and emerging trends in nursing interventions and care strategies for patients with CHD.

Current global variations exist in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication regimens. Triple therapy (TT), bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT), and high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) currently represent the predominant regimens. These regimens diverge in terms of treatment duration, the utilization of susceptibility testing, acid-inhibiting drug administration, and patient education. We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review on these H. pylori treatment regimens. Our review aims to provide standardized treatment recommendations for H. pylori, reducing the risk of amalgamating findings from diverse eradication regimens. Recent research suggests that the optimal treatment duration for TT and BQT may be 14 and 10 days, respectively. Selecting the appropriate treatment duration for HDDT should rely on regional research evidence, and 14 days may be the optimal duration. The incorporation of susceptibility testing in TT is of paramount importance. In the case of BQT, the absence of susceptibility testing may be considered as an option, contingent upon cost and availability, and should be determined based on local antibiotic resistance patterns and the efficacy of empirical regimens. The type and dosage of acid-inhibiting drug would affect the efficacy of these regimens. Acid-inhibiting drugs should be selected and applied reasonably according to the population and therapies. Adequate patient education plays a pivotal role in the eradication of H. pylori. In regions with accessible local research evidence, the 10-day empirical BQT regimen may be considered a preferred choice for H. pylori eradication.

Cardiac procedure-related anxiety and pain can adversely affect outcomes and lead to patient dissatisfaction. Virtual reality (VR) offers a promising alternative to traditional therapies for improving patient experience. Our objective is to synthesize evidence and assess the effectiveness of VR in reducing cardiac procedure-related anxiety and pain compared to standard of care. We conducted a comprehensive search across various online databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Sciences, and COCHRANE, to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on VR, cardiac procedures, anxiety, and pain. We utilized a random-effect model to generate effect estimates reported as standardized mean differences (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval. Our review comprised 10 studies with a total of 621 participants (intervention arm: 301, control arm: 320). Overall, among the seven studies evaluating anxiety outcomes, no significant difference in anxiety reduction was observed between the intervention and control groups (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.62, 95% CI -1.61, 0.37, p=0.22). However, studies using the same anxiety assessment tool demonstrated a significant improvement in the VR arm (SMD -1.01, 95% CI -1.98, -0.04, p=0.04). Conversely, the narrative synthesis of four studies examining pain revealed mixed results. Our findings suggest no significant difference in anxiety reduction between the VR and control groups. Future studies should employ standardized tools for assessing and reporting anxiety and pain to better understand the potential of VR in enhancing patient experience during cardiac procedures.