UNASSIGNED: Fibroma, thecoma, and fibrothecoma collectively denote a range of non-cancerous sex cord-stromal tumors distinguished by the presence of fibroblastic stromal cells and/or cells resembling luteinized theca cells.
METHODS: In this report, we present a case study of a 52-year-old patient in whom this uncommon tumor was identified via MRI, highlighting the distinctive diagnostic and treatment considerations associated with it.
UNASSIGNED: Ovarian fibrothecoma tumors are infrequent, constituting less than 4 % of all ovarian tumors. Although they may manifest at any age, they are more commonly observed in elderly and post-menopausal individuals. Diagnosis hinges on clinical and paraclinical data, yet definitive confirmation is predominantly achieved through anatomopathological examination. For younger patients, conservative surgery is usually favored, whereas peri- or post-menopausal individuals may undergo radical treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian Fibrothecoma, though rare, are typically benign tumors frequently found in older patients. Diagnosis primarily relies on histological examination. Fortunately, the prognosis for these tumors is generally favorable.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Some somatic factors have been linked to an increased incidence risk. The diagnostic process for GIST poses difficulties since it bears limited resemblance to ovarian masses, given its manifestation through symptoms like abdominal pain, abdominal mass, fever, weight loss, and loss of appetite. Patients with GIST usually exhibit clinical symptoms and signs of an abdominal mass and chronic pelvic pain might look like an ovarian mass, and diagnosed as GIST on histological examination. A 50-year-old woman presented to the gynecology outpatient department with complaints of an abdominal lump accompanied by pain and decreased appetite persisting for five months, leading to a preliminary diagnosis of an ovarian mass. Further evaluation by histopathological examination was confirmed to be GIST on the final diagnosis.

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) constitutes 1%-2% of all pregnancies and is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. The most common site of ectopic pregnancy is the ampulla. Ectopic ovarian pregnancy (EOP) is one of the rare events, with an incidence of 0.5%-3% of all pregnancies. The incidence is higher in intrauterine device users or assisted reproductive techniques. The precise aetiology and pathogenesis of EOP remain elusive. Clinically, EOP mirrors the presentation of tubal pregnancy or a ruptured luteal cyst, often leading to life-threatening hypovolemic shock. Transvaginal sonography is the primary diagnostic tool. Still pinpointing the exact location early on poses challenges, and it\'s usually misinterpreted as a tubo-ovarian mass, hemorrhagic cyst, or luteal cyst. Furthermore, while a suboptimal rise in serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels may indicate pregnancy, it doesn\'t definitively confirm EOP. Only histopathological examination offers a conclusive diagnosis. This paper discusses an EOP case in a young woman who experienced five months of amenorrhea and exhibited no traditional risk factors, underscoring the significant challenges inherent in preoperative diagnosis.

Disorders of sexual development (DSD) are diseases resulting from aberrations in sex chromosomes, gonadal, and internal/external genitalia development resulting in various phenotypes. Ovotesticular DSD represents a rarer entity in this classification of disorders characterized by simultaneous presence of testicular and ovarian tissue. Gonadal tumors in those with DSDs is a known risk, although ovarian masses discovered in adults with ovotesticular DSD is a rare entity and there is little literature pertaining to this population. We present a case of an incidental adnexal mass discovered in an elderly patient ultimately elucidated as a malignant ovarian mass.

UNASSIGNED: Peritoneal inclusion cysts (PICs) are infrequently encountered cysts within the abdominal and pelvic regions, typically observed in perimenopausal women. They frequently pose a diagnostic challenge as they can be clinically misinterpreted as ovarian-related lesions, owing to their resembling clinical presentations and radiological features.
METHODS: A 30-year-old female patient without significant medical or surgical history sought medical attention for mild left lower abdominal discomfort lasting two days. Initial evaluation ruled out pregnancy, and further tests showed no abnormalities in her blood work. Pelvic ultrasound revealed a 4.5 cm cystic mass in her left ovary while her right ovary and uterus appeared normal. A laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy was planned. During the procedure, it was discovered that the mass was not connected to the left ovary but was, in fact, a peritoneal inclusion cyst. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: previous intraperitoneal surgeries performed within a timeframe ranging from 6 months to 20 years, intraperitoneal inflammation, pelvic inflammatory disease, peritoneal tuberculosis, leiomyoma, tubo-ovarian abscess, among others. However, the absence of these predisposing factors does not minimize the possibility of PICs.
CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and the value of laparoscopy in accurately identifying and differentiating such cystic cases.

A gallbladder tumor is a rare condition, which usually spreads to the liver, lymph nodes, and other organs. A Krukenberg tumor, derived from the biliary tract and gallbladder cancers (GBCs), is an uncommon finding in routine clinical practice. Here, a case of a young woman with a Krukenberg tumor related to a previous diagnosis of GBC is reported. Differential diagnosis of an ovarian malignant lesion is challenging for both clinicians and pathologists. In order to provide a proper diagnosis, integrated multidisciplinary management is essential. The occurrence of Krukenberg tumors should be evaluated in the management of GBC, even if this is rare in clinical practice.

The incidence of neoplasia during pregnancy is low, 1/1000 pregnancies. The most common cancers diagnosed during pregnancy are breast and cervical cancer. Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare syndrome (1/1 000 000) characterized by the presence of gelatinous ascites and disseminated intra-peritoneal mucinous tumors. The origin of this syndrome is, in most of cases, a tumor of the appendix. A PMP diagnosis during pregnancy is an extremely rare event. We present the medical history of a 34-year-old woman diagnosed with a PMP at 29 weeks of amenorrhea, during the management of an ovarian masse. We preserved the pregnancy until 37 weeks of amenorrhea. She had a vaginal delivery. At 4 weeks post-partum, she had an extensive cytoreduction with intraperitoneal chemotherapy. We present literature review of PMP discover during pregnancy and a discussion about treatment of these PMP. We also discuss management of an ovarian masse diagnosis during pregnancy.

A 35-year-old woman presented with abdominal discomfort at 26 weeks gestation. The magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a huge unilocular cystic mass with mural nodules originated from body and tail of pancreas. There was also a cystic mass in the left ovary with suppressed intensity on fat saturated image. One week later, she complained of worsening left lower abdominal pain and dyspnea as a new symptom. Hence, distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy and left ovarian cystectomy were performed. The huge cystic mass of pancreas was compressing the diaphragm, and left tubo-ovarian torsion was observed. This is the second case wherein an MCN of the pancreas with mature cystic teratoma of the ovary caused different symptoms. The management of MCNs in pregnant women should consider multiple aspects such as the malignancy potential of imaging findings, severity of symptoms, and fetal well-being.

Krukenberg\'s tumor diagnosed in pregnancy is an uncommon situation that raises both diagnosis and medical management issues. We performed a review of the existing literature regarding this pathology, diagnostic means and therapeutic approaches, motivated by a case in our own practice. A 35-year-old primigravida was diagnosed with an adnexal mass during the first trimester prenatal ultrasound. Ultrasound revealed a 10 cm right adnexal mass with multiple septae, richly vascularized, whose presence and characteristics were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Due to the progressively increasing tumor size, laparoscopy was performed with right adnexectomy and peritoneal biopsies. Histopathology diagnosed a metastatic ovarian tumor from a mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma. After delivery the patient was further investigated and diagnosed with sigmoid cancer. Even though ovarian cancer in pregnancy is rare, adnexal ultrasound is mandatory when scanning during the first trimester to rule out the presence of associated fallopian or ovarian masses.

Mucinous cystadenomas are among the most common benign ovarian neoplasms. They are known for their massive size causing compressive effects ranging from pressure, pain, bloating, and urinary symptoms. Over time, these adnexal masses can lead to fatal complications, such as ovarian torsion or hemorrhage. Incidental findings of these tumors are common as many of these patients are asymptomatic. Pelvic examinations and imaging studies can be used to further diagnose symptomatic patients and aid physicians in developing an appropriate course of treatment. We report a rare case of a large mucinous cystadenoma, with a size of 25 × 25 cm and concurrent management of postmenopausal bleeding. We present the data from the admission of the patient to her discharge, including history and physical examination, diagnostic reports, transabdominal ultrasound, CT scan, surgical evaluation, and surgical-pathology reports. Abdominal pain can present in a variety of different scenarios, and ovarian masses only represent a small portion of the differentials. Mucinous cystadenomas constitute an even smaller percentage of these ovarian growths. As discussed in this case report, a large ovarian mucinous cystadenoma was compressing the surrounding structures resulting in a wide array of symptoms. The case describes the importance of extensive diagnostic evaluation and prompt surgical management of these ovarian tumors. It also brings attention to the significance of diagnosing a medical condition such as postmenopausal bleeding promptly to avoid potential negative outcomes.