UNASSIGNED: periodontitis is the sixth leading long-term complication of diabetes mellitus which can impair diabetic patients\' metabolic control. Patients with both diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease present with the challenge of managing these two chronic diseases, each of which may impact the other. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the prevalence of periodontitis and oral hygiene practices among diabetic and non-diabetic patients attending a large tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.
UNASSIGNED: this was a cross-sectional comparative study involving 110 diabetics and 110 non-diabetic patients aged 40 years and above. They were recruited from the diabetes and general medical out-patient clinics respectively in a large tertiary hospital in Lagos using a systematic sampling method. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. In addition, blood tests for glycated haemoglobin and oral examination using a simplified periodontal examination were conducted. The prevalence and severity of periodontitis and oral hygiene practices were compared between both groups. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 21 Software.
UNASSIGNED: the prevalence of periodontitis was higher among the diabetics 100 (90.9%) compared to the non-diabetic patients 79 (71.8%), and this was statistically significant (p<0.001). Severity of periodontitis among both groups was also statistically high 54 (49.1%) vs. 35 (31.8%) p<0.001.
UNASSIGNED: the prevalence of periodontitis was higher and more severe among diabetics compared to non-diabetics. Oral hygiene practices in both groups are not statistically significant p>0.05. Oral health education programs targeted at diabetic patients should be carried out to prevent and control periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia is a frequent complication of parenteral nutrition (PN) in patients both with and without diabetes mellitis (DM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of glucose control achieved with basal plus-correction insulin in surgical patients with and without a history of DM receiving PN.
METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of a protocol applied during the period of January 2013-December 2015. The insulin dose was started at 0.4 and 0.3 IU/kg/day in patients with previous DM and without a history of DM, respectively, and the target blood glucose (BG) was < 180 mg/dl. Mean BG levels, insulin total daily dose (TDD) and hypoglycemic (< 70 mg/dl) events on different days of PN were also evaluated.
RESULTS: Forty-one patients with previous type 2 DM and 39 without DM were evaluated. Glycemic control in both groups was as follows: during the first 48 h (230.4 ± 67 vs. 189.4 ± 38 mg/dl, p = 0.002); at the midpoint (224.6 ± 58 vs. 181.3 ± 27 mg/dl, p = 0.003); 48 h before ending TPN (196.4 ± 43 vs. 169.8 ± 40 mg/dl, p = 0.004). Insulin TDD was 0.5 ± 0.3 U/kg/day in patients with DM and 0.37 ± 0.3 units/kg/day in those without DM (p < 0.05). A total of 18 patients experienced hypoglycemic events, without differences between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS: A basal-correction insulin regimen is an alternative method for managing hyperglycemia in non-critically ill surgical patients on PN.