海象是一种具有挑战性的物种,因为它们的质量很大,药物输送的机会有限,独特的生理学,以及少量描述麻醉程序的报告。麻醉了三只年龄在3至11岁(344-1,000公斤)之间的水族馆海象(Odobenusrosmarus),用于牙科或眼科外科手术,一只动物麻醉两次,一只动物麻醉三次。麻醉前用药是肌内咪达唑仑(0.1-0.2mg/kg)和哌替啶(2-3mg/kg)。在椎管内硬膜外静脉内放置导管,用丙泊酚诱导麻醉效果。进行经气管插管,并使用连接到呼吸机的循环呼吸系统在氧气中用异氟烷维持麻醉。在所有程序中使用间歇性正压通气。对于眼科手术,神经肌肉阻断剂,顺式阿曲库铵,静脉注射以提供中央眼和最佳手术条件。神经肌肉阻滞被edrophonium拮抗。总麻醉时间为1.5至6小时。咪达唑仑和哌替啶用氟马西尼和纳曲酮拮抗,分别,六个案例中的五个。提供了用于镇痛的非甾体抗炎药。复苏是平静和平静的。所描述的麻醉方案和病例管理在所遇到的条件下是成功的。
Walruses are a challenging species to anesthetize as a result of their large mass, limited access for drug delivery, unique physiology, and small number of
reports describing anesthetic procedures. Three aquarium-housed walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus) ranging in age from 3 to 11 yr old (344-1,000 kg) were anesthetized for dental or ophthalmic surgical procedures, with one animal anesthetized twice and one anesthetized three times. Preanesthetic medication was with intramuscular midazolam (0.1-0.2 mg/kg) and meperidine (2-3 mg/kg). A catheter was placed in the extradural intravertebral vein, and anesthesia was induced with propofol to effect. Orotracheal intubation was performed and anesthesia maintained with isoflurane in oxygen using a circle breathing system connected to a ventilator. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation was used in all procedures. For the ophthalmic surgery, the neuromuscular blocking agent, cisatracurium, was given intravenously to provide a central eye and optimal surgical conditions. The neuromuscular block was antagonized with edrophonium. Total anesthesia times ranged from 1.5 to 6 hr. Midazolam and meperidine were antagonized with flumazenil and naltrexone, respectively, in five of six cases. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents were provided for analgesia. Recoveries were calm and uneventful. The described anesthetic protocols and
case management were successful under the conditions encountered.