已知新冠肺炎后疾病(PCC)会影响很大比例的新冠肺炎幸存者。需要强有力的研究设计和方法来了解所有幸存者的COVID-19后诊断模式,不仅仅是那些临床诊断为PCC的人。
我们在COVID-19幸存者的回顾性队列中应用了病例交叉现象广泛关联研究(PheWAS),使用条件逻辑回归比较同一个体COVID-19感染前后1,671种基于诊断的表型代码(PheCodes)的发生情况。我们研究了这种模式如何因COVID-19严重程度和疫苗接种状态而变化,我们比较了测试阴性和测试阴性但流感阳性的对照。
在44,198名SARS-CoV-2阳性患者中,我们发现呼吸富集,循环,和COVID-19感染后的精神健康障碍。热门包括焦虑症(p=2.8e-109,OR=1.7[95%CI:1.6-1.8]),心律失常(p=4.9e-87,OR=1.7[95%CI:1.6-1.8]),和呼吸衰竭,不足,逮捕(p=5.2e-75,OR=2.9[95%CI:2.6-3.3])。在重症患者中,与轻度/中度患者相比,我们发现与呼吸和循环系统疾病的相关性更强.完全接种疫苗的患者心理健康和慢性循环系统疾病上升到协会名单的顶部,与轻度/中度队列相似。两个对照组(测试阴性,测试阴性和流感阳性)显示出与SARS-CoV-2阳性不同的命中模式。
患者在SARS-CoV-2感染后超过28天出现无数症状,但尤其是呼吸,循环,和精神健康障碍。我们的案例交叉PheWAS方法控制了时间不变的人内混杂因素。与具有相似设计的测试阴性和测试阴性但流感阳性的患者进行比较,有助于确定COVID-19特有的富集。这种设计可以应用于除SARS-CoV-2感染以外的具有长期影响的其他新兴疾病。鉴于观测数据可能存在偏差,这些结果应该被认为是探索性的。当我们展望未来时,我们必须意识到COVID-19幸存者的医疗保健需求。
Post COVID-19 condition (PCC) is known to affect a large proportion of COVID-19 survivors. Robust study design and methods are needed to understand post-COVID-19 diagnosis patterns in all survivors, not just those clinically diagnosed with PCC.
We applied a
case-crossover Phenome-Wide Association Study (PheWAS) in a retrospective cohort of COVID-19 survivors, comparing the occurrences of 1,671 diagnosis-based phenotype codes (PheCodes) pre- and post-COVID-19 infection periods in the same individual using a conditional logistic regression. We studied how this pattern varied by COVID-19 severity and vaccination status, and we compared to test negative and test negative but flu positive controls.
In 44,198 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, we foundenrichment in respiratory,circulatory, and mental health disorders post-COVID-19-infection. Top hits included anxiety disorder (p = 2.8e-109, OR = 1.7 [95 % CI: 1.6-1.8]), cardiac dysrhythmias (p = 4.9e-87, OR = 1.7 [95 % CI: 1.6-1.8]), and respiratory failure, insufficiency, arrest (p = 5.2e-75, OR = 2.9 [95 % CI: 2.6-3.3]). In severe patients, we found stronger associations with respiratory and circulatory disorders compared to mild/moderate patients. Fully vaccinated patients had mental health and chronic circulatory diseases rise to the top of the association list, similar to the mild/moderate cohort. Both control groups (test negative, test negative and flu positive) showed a different pattern of hits to SARS-CoV-2 positives.
Patients experience myriad symptoms more than 28 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but especially respiratory, circulatory, and mental health disorders. Our
case-crossover PheWAS approach controls for within-person confounders that are time-invariant. Comparison to test negatives and test negative but flu positive patients with a similar design helped identify enrichment specific to COVID-19. This design may be applied other emerging diseases with long-lasting effects other than a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the potential for bias from observational data, these results should be considered exploratory. As we look into the future, we must be aware of COVID-19 survivors\' healthcare needs.