Increasing awareness about the use of compounds obtained from natural sources exerting health-beneficial properties, including antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, led to increased number of research papers focusing on the study of functional properties of target compounds to be used as functional foods or in preventive medicine. Pomegranate has shown positive health properties due to the presence of bioactive constituents such as polyphenols, tannins, and anthocyanins. Punicalagin is the major antioxidant, abundantly found in pomegranate\'s peel. Research has shown that pomegranate polyphenols not only have a strong antioxidant capacity but they also inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria like V. cholera, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, and S. virulence factor, and inhibits fungi such as A. Ochraceus, and P. citrinum. Compounds of natural origin inhibit the growth of various pathogens by extending the shelf life of foodstuffs and assuring their safety. Therefore, the need to find compounds to be used in combination with antibiotics or as new antimicrobial sources, such as plant extracts. On the basis of the above discussion, this review focuses on the health benefits of pomegranate, by summarizing the current body of research focusing on pomegranate bioactive constituents and their therapeutic potential against some pathogenic microbes.

Large outbreaks of infection by Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been reported. This research compares characteristics of such outbreaks.
Determination of risk factors for the occurrence and appropriate infection control measures.
The Outbreak Database, PubMed, and reference lists of identified articles were used. Key words included nosocomial and (outbreak or epidemic) and (aeruginosa or baumannii).
Articles were included if they describe distinct outbreak(s) caused by A baumannii or P aeruginosa and were published between 2000 and 2015. There were no further restrictions with respect to language or type of article.
One hundred fifty outbreaks by A baumannii and 131 outbreaks by P aeruginosa were included, including multidrug-resistant strains in 113 Acinetobacter and 49 Pseudomonas outbreaks. Acinetobacter outbreaks were mainly reported from intensive care units, after use of antibiotics, during mechanical ventilation, and presented with a mortality rate of 47% compared with 23% by Pseudomonas. Resistance did not alter mortality by either species. Most infection control measures were implemented or enforced more often in Acinetobacter outbreaks.
These findings should support staff in infection control departments and on wards if an outbreak is suspected. Better adherence to the Outbreak Reports and Intervention Studies of Nosocomial Infection guidelines in outbreak reporting is necessary. A precise definition of multidrug resistance for Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas is lacking.

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the clinical evidence and usage patterns of intravenous fosfomycin from its development to the present time.
METHODS: PubMed, the Cochrane Library and local journals were searched for relevant studies reporting aggregated data of intravenous fosfomycin use in adults and children, with no restrictions regarding study design. Single case reports were excluded. Data were systematically abstracted for all included studies. Clinical and microbiological efficacy from randomized controlled and comparative observational studies were synthesized using meta-analysis to calculate pooled effect sizes.
RESULTS: In all, 128 studies on intravenous fosfomycin in 5527 patients were evaluated. Fosfomycin was predominantly used for sepsis/bacteraemia, urinary tract, respiratory tract, bone and joint, and central nervous system infections. No difference in clinical (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.96-2.15) or microbiological (OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.82-2.01) efficacy between fosfomycin and other antibiotics was observed in comparative trials. The pooled estimate for resistance development during fosfomycin monotherapy was 3.4% (95% CI 1.8%-5.1%). Fosfomycin showed a favourable safety profile, with generally mild adverse events not requiring discontinuation of treatment. Included studies explored intravenous fosfomycin as an anti-staphylococcal agent in monotherapy and combination therapy, whereas studies from 1990 focused on combination therapy (fosfoymcin + β-lactams or aminoglycosides) for challenging infections frequently caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous fosfomycin can play a vital role in the antibiotic armamentarium, given its long history of effective and safe use. However, well-designed randomized controlled trials are still desired.