从颈动脉壁提取的运动为血管健康评估提供了独特的信息。颈动脉纵向壁运动对应于在心动周期期间在平行于血流的方向上的多相动脉壁偏移。虽然这种运动现象已经得到了很好的表征,人们普遍缺乏对血管健康评估甚至基础血管生理学的认识.在过去的十年里,新的评估策略和临床研究极大地促进了我们对颈动脉双轴行为的理解,需要与该领域的技术和临床专家合作进行最新审查,以总结和分类已发表的文献。在这次审查中,描述了颈动脉壁运动估计的最新方法,并报告了观察到的纵向运动衍生指数与血管健康之间的关系。大量描述无斑块动脉纵向运动模式的研究,及其在心血管疾病预测中的应用,指出需要对纵向运动的附加值和适用性进行表征,超越已建立的生物标志物。为了这个目标,这篇综述的主要目的是提供一个坚实的理论知识基础,以及一套针对患者纵向运动估计的实用指南和建议,为了促进该领域的未来发现,走向纵向运动在基础科学和临床实践中的整合。
Motion extracted from the carotid artery wall provides unique information for vascular health evaluation. Carotid artery longitudinal wall motion corresponds to the multiphasic arterial wall excursion in the direction parallel to blood flow during the cardiac cycle. While this motion phenomenon has been well characterized, there is a general lack of awareness regarding its implications for vascular health assessment or even basic vascular physiology. In the last decade, novel estimation strategies and clinical investigations have greatly advanced our understanding of the bi-axial behavior of the carotid artery, necessitating an up-to-date review to summarize and classify the published literature in collaboration with technical and clinical experts in the field. Within this review, the state-of-the-art methodologies for carotid wall motion estimation are described, and the observed relationships between longitudinal motion-derived indices and vascular health are reported. The vast number of studies describing the longitudinal motion pattern in plaque-free arteries, with its putative application to cardiovascular disease prediction, point to the need for characterizing the added value and applicability of longitudinal motion beyond established biomarkers. To this aim, the main purpose of this review was to provide a strong base of theoretical knowledge, together with a curated set of practical
guidelines and recommendations for longitudinal motion estimation in patients, to foster future discoveries in the field, toward the integration of longitudinal motion in basic science as well as clinical practice.