UNASSIGNED: Periodontitis, the second most common reason for tooth loss in adults, is a chronic inflammatory condition that increases the prevalence of cancer by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting tumor cell growth. However, it is still debatable if tooth loss is an important risk factor in oral cancer (OC). The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the relationship between tooth loss and the probability of developing head-and-neck cancer and also to see if there is an association between tooth loss, periodontitis, and the risk of OC.
UNASSIGNED: Studies that depicted a link between tooth loss and OC (till 2017) were searched from online databases accompanied by a thorough manual search of relevant journals. Data were collected from eligible studies, and meta-analysis was carried out using the Meta-Analysis software. The effect of various inclusions was assessed by sensitivity and subgroup analysis. Publication bias was also evaluated.
UNASSIGNED: The meta-analysis consisted of 15 publications. When the number of teeth lost was counted, there was significant variability (I2 = 98.7%, P = 0.0001). When more than 15 teeth were missing in a subgroup analysis, there was a 2.4 times greater risk of OC (odds ratio: 2.496, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.067-3.015, P = 0.001) with no heterogeneity (I2 = 0.00%, 95% CI for I2 = 0.00-68.98). Subgroup analysis revealed that there was no evidence of publication bias.
UNASSIGNED: It was concluded that tooth loss can increase the OC risk by nearly 2 folds. However, large-scale population-based studies are needed to substantiate the findings.

A new era in modern dentistry has emerged where tooth loss is no longer an issue as a result of rapid advancements in implantation and alveolar ridge reconstruction. Despite its wide range of indications, autotransplantation is dependent upon careful patient selection and a suitable technique to ensure successful results both functionally and aesthetically. It is possible to restore physiological occlusion, aesthetics, and masticatory function by varying implant length, diameter, surface, and design, along with autogenous, alogenous, alloplastic, or xenogenous bone substitutes. However, none of the technologies that are used in implant dentistry today can adapt to a child\'s growing jaw during adolescence. Thus, the young age of the patient restricts implants and creates a challenge for dentists wishing to replace missing teeth. Therefore, tooth autotransplantation can be a good option for treatment. Our objective in this review is to highlight the biological principles required for the successful autotransplantation of teeth. Limits, indications, and prognoses will be analyzed. Hopefully, with increased awareness and acceptance in the dental profession, autotransplantation will become another viable treatment option for those with compromised teeth who still have significant growth potential.

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are among the commonest cancers in South East Asia and more so in the Indian subcontinent. The role of tobacco and alcohol in the causation of these cancers is well-documented. Poor oral hygiene (POH) is often seen to co-exist in patients with OSCC. However, the role of poor oral hygiene in the etio-pathogenesis of these cancers is controversial. We decided to evaluate the available literature for evaluating the association of POH with OSCC. A thorough literature search of English-language articles in MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science databases was conducted, and 93 relevant articles were short-listed. We found that POH was strongly associated with oral cancers. It aids the carcinogenic potential of other known carcinogens like tobacco and alcohol. Even on adjusting for known confounding factors like tobacco, alcohol use, education, and socio-economic strata, presence of POH exhibits higher odds of developing oral cancer.

BACKGROUND: Loss of teeth has a negative influence on essential oral functions. It is important to understand edentulous patients\' perceptions about the impacts of treatment options on their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and satisfaction.
OBJECTIVE: To appraise the systematic reviews (with/without meta-analysis) that investigate the impacts of complete conventional dentures (CCDs) and/or implant-retained overdentures (IRODs) on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and satisfaction among edentulous patients.
METHODS: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for conduct of an umbrella systematic review was followed. Three database systems were used: Medline, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library. PROSPERO was searched for ongoing or recently completed systematic reviews. The reviews must report OHRQoL and patients\' satisfaction as outcomes.
RESULTS: A total of eight reviews were included in data synthesis (six were systematic reviews without meta-analysis, one was systematic review with meta-analysis, and one was meta-analysis). The level of evidence of all included reviews based on the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network ranged between 1+ and 1-.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this umbrella systematic review demonstrate the superiority of using IRODs compared with CCDs on the OHRQoL and patients\' satisfaction outcomes. However, this positive impact is more accentuated when patients demand implant treatment or cannot adapt to CCDs treatment. Financial factors and adaptive capability indeed affect patient tolerance to both treatment modalities.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review was to analyze existing literature on the relationship between tooth count and mortality by evaluating the findings in the context of methodological variations. We aimed at addressing the question of whether preserving natural teeth can impact mortality.
METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science and CINAHL databases were systematically searched using various combinations of related and synonymous keywords for \"tooth count\" and \"mortality\". The references of included articles were also evaluated for inclusion. Overall 49 studies found to be eligible were critically evaluated and their key findings were summarized.
RESULTS: Studies were conducted in various continents and differed substantially in regards to their sample size, population, methodology, the definition of the tooth count variable, the confounders as well as the mediators accounted for in the analysis. Follow-up period ranged from 1 to 56 years.
CONCLUSIONS: Although high variability in the studies precludes a definite conclusion about the relationship between number of teeth and mortality, the overall finding from this review is that reduced tooth count is associated with higher mortality. However the impact of factors such as smoking, health-care access, baseline co-morbidity and risk profile, dental and periodontal health, the presence of dental prosthesis as well as socio-economic status, in mediating whole or part of the association cannot be overlooked and needs further investigation using more standard methodologies. Any differences in males vs. females, as well as among different age groups, will also need further consideration in the future studies.

OBJECTIVE: Current knowledge on dental anomalies in patients with incontinentia pigmenti (IP) has been obtained by examining case reports; however, an overall characterization of such alterations remains lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, type and location of dental alterations in IP using a case series.
METHODS: Fourteen patients (9 children and 5 adults) with a clinical diagnosis of IP who presented dental anomalies were included in this study. All patients were administered a clinical questionnaire, dental examination and radiological investigation.
RESULTS: In the present case series, agenesis of primary dentition was present in 60 % of patients and agenesis of permanent tooth was present in 92.8 % of patients. Most cases were missing at least 6 teeth. Second molar agenesis was present in 13 patients (92.8 %). Anomalies in dental crowns occurred in 71.4 % of cases, and the central incisor was most frequently affected. Two adult patients still had primary teeth. Malocclusion was found in 10 patients (71.4 %). High-arched palate was observed in 7 (50 %) patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with IP present alterations in both primary and permanent dentition. Because the agenesis of permanent teeth is more common, primary teeth are not always replaced. In addition, the durability of primary dentition appears to be greater in IP.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that patients with IP experience significant loss of teeth, especially in permanent dentition, and have an increased risk of high-arched palate compared to the general population. Prophylactic care of primary teeth in IP is relevant for improving functional and aesthetic outcomes until dental prostheses are implanted.

Conventional complete dentures and implant supported overdentures are commonly used by dentists to treat completely edentulous mandibular arches. There have been problems associated with retention and stability while treating completely edentulous mandibular arches compared to maxillary arches. Many factors have been attributed to this, primarily focusing on the decreased area available for support and increased resorption. Implant supported overdentures have increased the treatment options for resorbed ridges, especially the mandible. However, no reports have proved the superiority of one treatment option over the other, especially in terms of patient-centric outcome measures such as the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Hence, this meta-analysis was conducted.
A literature search of Medline (via PubMed), the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials (CENTRAL) and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) was performed. The reviewers screened titles, abstracts and performed full-text screening of eligible studies. The references from these studies were further screened for additional relevant studies. A random effects model was applied to measure the significance of the per cent mean difference in OHIP scale improvement between implant and conventional dentures. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was applied to assess the selection, ascertainment and selective reporting biases.
Five studies were reviewed and identified. Results of 441 patients (228 implant and 213 conventional) were pooled for analysis of primary outcome and other secondary outcomes. A forest plot of total OHIP scores and for secondary outcomes were obtained between the interventions. Results of 441 patients (228 implant and 213 conventional) were pooled for analysis of primary outcome with a mean difference [95% confidence interval] in the score of -30.72[-48.39, -13.05]; mean difference [95% confidence interval] in the score of -26.45[-43.56, -9.35] for functional limitation; -29.16[-60.89, 2.56] for physical pain; -77.61[-154.63, -0.60] for psychological discomfort; -33.70[-47.96, -19.44] for physical disability; -41.17[-55.93, -26.40] for psychological disability; -17.27[-29.44, 5.10] for social disability; and -28.45[-33.97, -22.92] for handicap. A statistically significant difference favouring the implant group was obtained except for physical pain.
The implant overdenture group performed better in regard to patient satisfaction as measured using the OHIP questionnaire. Further studies are required to identify superiority between the two treatment options.

Oral cancer (OC) is known to have a multi-factorial etiology; tobacco, alcohol and betel quid being the major risk factors. Tooth loss and periodontal disease (PD) have been implicated to increase the risk of developing various cancers. The aim of this systematic review was to assess any possible association between PD and OC. Indexed databases were searched using different combinations of the following key words: \"oral cancer\", \"periodontal disease\", \"tooth loss\", \"squamous cell carcinoma\", \"missing teeth\" \"alveolar bone loss\", \"clinical attachment loss\" and \"periodontitis\". PRISMA criteria were followed to accrue data and databases were searched from 1984 up to and including June 2015. In total, 12 case-control studies were selected from the published literature.
RESULTS: Nine studies reported a 2-5 fold increase in the risk of OC among patients with PD as compared to those without PD. Three studies reported no association between PD and OC. In one study, an increased risk of tongue cancer was associated with each millimeter of alveolar bone loss and in two studies clinical attachment loss of more than 1.5mm was associated with an increased risk of OC. In studies reporting significant findings these associations persisted after adjusting for major risk factors. PD is associated with a small but significant increase in risk for OC. In several reported studies this association was attenuated following adjustment for tobacco and alcohol use.

The goal of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study has been to systematically produce comparable estimates of the burden of 291 diseases and injuries and their associated 1,160 sequelae from 1990 to 2010. We aimed to report here internally consistent prevalence and incidence estimates of severe tooth loss for all countries, 20 age groups, and both sexes for 1990 and 2010. The systematic search of the literature yielded 5,618 unique citations. After titles and abstracts were screened, 5,285 citations were excluded as clearly not relevant to this systematic review, leaving 333 for full-text review; 265 publications were further excluded following the validity assessment. A total of 68 studies-including 285,746 individuals aged 12 yr or older in 26 countries-were included in the meta-analysis using modeling resources of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study. Between 1990 and 2010, the global age-standardized prevalence of edentate people decreased from 4.4% (95% uncertainty interval: 4.1%, 4.8%) to 2.4% (95% UI: 2.2%, 2.7%), and incidence rate decreased from 374 cases per 100,000 person-years (95% UI: 347, 406) to 205 cases (95% UI: 187, 226). No differences were found by sex in 2010. Prevalence increased gradually with age, showing a steep increase around the seventh decade of life that was associated with a peak in incidence at 65 years. Geographic differences in prevalence, incidence, and rate of improvement from 1990 to 2010 were stark. Our review of available quality literature on the epidemiology of tooth loss shows a significant decline in the prevalence and incidence of severe tooth loss between 1990 and 2010 at the global, regional, and country levels.