生物膜,主要由脂质组成,包裹每个活细胞。膜脂的复杂组成和组织,包括它们所包含的各种脂肪酸,在维持细胞结构完整性和功能性方面发挥动态作用。通常,脂质组成的改变与普遍意义上的信号通路的相应改变是一致的。探索各种脂肪酸,作为膜脂质的基础组成部分,提供了对支配无数细胞过程的潜在机制的关键见解,如膜的流动性,蛋白质贩运,信号转导,细胞间通讯,和某些代谢紊乱的病因。此外,了解脂质成分的变化,特别是关于脂肪酸谱,有助于或防止病理状况的发作是一个引人注目的研究领域。因此,这篇综述旨在仔细介绍健康生物体中膜脂及其组成脂肪酸的复杂性,从而阐明了它们显著的多样性和对细胞功能的深刻影响。此外,本综述旨在强调针对各种病理状况的一些潜在治疗靶点,这些靶点可通过膳食脂肪酸补充剂得到改善.本综述的第一部分阐述了真核生物膜及其复合脂质。随后的部分提供了对综合的见解,膜掺入,以及脂肪酸在膜脂不同部分的分布。最后一部分强调了膜相关脂肪酸的功能意义及其形成各种细胞生理反应的先天能力。
Biological membranes, primarily composed of lipids, envelop each living cell. The intricate composition and organization of membrane lipids, including the variety of fatty acids they encompass, serve a dynamic role in sustaining cellular structural integrity and functionality. Typically, modifications in lipid composition coincide with consequential alterations in universally significant signaling pathways. Exploring the various fatty acids, which serve as the foundational building blocks of membrane lipids, provides crucial insights into the underlying mechanisms governing a myriad of cellular processes, such as membrane fluidity, protein trafficking, signal transduction, intercellular communication, and the etiology of certain metabolic disorders. Furthermore, comprehending how alterations in the lipid composition, especially concerning the fatty acid profile, either contribute to or prevent the onset of pathological conditions stands as a compelling area of research. Hence, this
review aims to meticulously introduce the intricacies of membrane lipids and their constituent fatty acids in a healthy organism, thereby illuminating their remarkable diversity and profound influence on cellular function. Furthermore, this
review aspires to highlight some potential therapeutic targets for various pathological conditions that may be ameliorated through dietary fatty acid supplements. The initial section of this
review expounds on the eukaryotic biomembranes and their complex lipids. Subsequent sections provide insights into the synthesis, membrane incorporation, and distribution of fatty acids across various fractions of membrane lipids. The last section highlights the functional significance of membrane-associated fatty acids and their innate capacity to shape the various cellular physiological responses.