异质景观中自然选择的变化通常会产生(a)表型性状的种群间差异,(b)环境特征关联,(c)当地人口的适应性更高。使用1941年至2017年间发表的关于常见花园研究的广泛文献综述,我们记录了这三个特征在北美大盆地植物中的共性。一个广泛的恢复和重新植被努力的地区,并询问涉及哪些特征和环境变量。我们还问,与地理距离无关,来自更相似环境的种群是否具有更相似的特征。从在170项研究中测试121个分类单元的327个实验中,我们发现305个实验报告了人口差异的95.1%,161个实验中,有81.4%的实验报告了性状与环境的关联。当地人在24个报告生存的相互实验中显示出更高的生存率,在报告生殖输出的10个互惠实验中,有90%的适应度更高。对一组研究的荟萃分析发现,八个常用性状的变异与源位置的年平均降水量和年平均温度有关,与开花物候有很强的关系,叶子大小,和生存,在其他人中。尽管大盆地有时被认为是同质生态系统的区域,我们的结果证明了广泛的与栖息地相关的种群分化和局部适应。本地来源的植物可能以与恢复成功直接相关的速率和幅度进行适应,我们的结果表明,在未来对该地区植物的评估中,应优先考虑某些关键性状和环境变量。
Variation in natural selection across heterogeneous landscapes often produces (a) among-population differences in phenotypic traits, (b) trait-by-environment associations, and (c) higher fitness of local populations. Using a broad literature
review of common garden studies published between 1941 and 2017, we documented the commonness of these three signatures in plants native to North America\'s Great Basin, an area of extensive restoration and revegetation efforts, and asked which traits and environmental variables were involved. We also asked, independent of geographic distance, whether populations from more similar environments had more similar traits. From 327 experiments testing 121 taxa in 170 studies, we found 95.1% of 305 experiments reported among-population differences, and 81.4% of 161 experiments reported trait-by-environment associations. Locals showed greater survival in 67% of 24 reciprocal experiments that reported survival, and higher fitness in 90% of 10 reciprocal experiments that reported reproductive output. A meta-analysis on a subset of studies found that variation in eight commonly measured traits was associated with mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature at the source location, with notably strong relationships for flowering phenology, leaf size, and survival, among others. Although the Great Basin is sometimes perceived as a region of homogeneous ecosystems, our results demonstrate widespread habitat-related population differentiation and local adaptation. Locally sourced plants likely harbor adaptations at rates and magnitudes that are immediately relevant to restoration success, and our results suggest that certain key traits and environmental variables should be prioritized in future assessments of plants in this region.