块状皮肤病,羊痘,山痘是牛的法定传染病,绵羊,和山羊,分别,由Capropoxvirus属病毒引起的。他们负责直接和间接的财务损失。这些损失是由动物死亡引起的,接种疫苗的发病率成本,以及对动物和动物产品贸易的限制。控制和根除病毒有赖于及早发现爆发,矢量控制,严格的动物运动,和疫苗接种仍然是最有效的控制手段。迄今为止,减毒活疫苗被广泛使用;然而,保护仍然存在争议。许多疫苗与绵羊的不良反应和不完全保护有关,山羊,和牛。还开发了许多基于组合和重组的疫苗。这里,我们回顾了针对每种反刍动物的羊痘病毒感染以及各自疫苗赋予的针对羊痘病毒的免疫力。我们还回顾了它们对异源感染的相关交叉保护。
Lumpy skin disease, sheeppox, and goatpox are notifiable diseases of cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively, caused by viruses of the Capripoxvirus genus. They are responsible for both direct and indirect financial losses. These losses arise through animal mortality, morbidity cost of vaccinations, and constraints to animals and animal products\' trade. Control and eradication of capripoxviruses depend on early detection of outbreaks, vector control, strict animal movement, and vaccination which remains the most effective means of control. To date,
live attenuated vaccines are widely used; however, conferred protection remains controversial. Many vaccines have been associated with adverse reactions and incomplete protection in sheep, goats, and cattle. Many combination- and recombinant-based vaccines have also been developed. Here, we
review capripoxvirus infections and the immunity conferred against capripoxviruses by their respective vaccines for each ruminant species. We also
review their related cross protection to heterologous infections.