As the global population of older persons increases, age-related medical conditions will have a greater impact on public health. DXA-derived bone and soft tissue metrics are associated with adverse clinical events in aging persons. This study aims to investigate the regional body composition of the appendices by whole-body DXA scans, and the age-related relationships between measures of bone and soft tissue in healthy Caucasian females of a Greek origin residing in the Mediterranean area. Body composition of the legs and the arms was analyzed, and lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) metrics were calculated in 330 women aged 20-85 years, using DXA. Peak bone mineral density (BMD) of the legs and arms was achieved between ages 20-30 and 41-50 years, respectively. The overall BMD reduction with age was for the legs 43% and the arms 32.2% (p < 0.001). Peak %LM of the legs and the arms was achieved between ages 20-30. The overall reduction of %LM with age was for the legs 22.5% (p < 0.001) and arms 6.6% (p < 0.05). Peak %FM of the legs and arms was attained between ages 31-40 and 61-70, respectively. The overall %FM reduction with age was for the legs and arms 7.5% and 1.9% (p > 0.05). In appendicular sites, Greek women reach peak values of bone mass in the legs first, in early adulthood. Bone loss predominates in the legs as women age. Also, with advancing age Greek women show preferential significant decreases of %LM and %FM in the legs as opposed to the arms. Although variation in appendicular bone and soft tissue metrics is present, the implications of variable biological crosstalks among the tissue components as women age may ultimately lay the foundation for future clinical trials aimed at healthy aging.

BACKGROUND: Accurate and timely assessment of children\'s developmental status is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention. More accurate and automated developmental assessments are essential due to the lack of trained health care providers and imprecise parental reporting. In various areas of development, gross motor development in toddlers is known to be predictive of subsequent childhood developments.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a model to assess gross motor behavior and integrate the results to determine the overall gross motor status of toddlers. This study also aimed to identify behaviors that are important in the assessment of overall gross motor skills and detect critical moments and important body parts for the assessment of each behavior.
METHODS: We used behavioral videos of toddlers aged 18-35 months. To assess gross motor development, we selected 4 behaviors (climb up the stairs, go down the stairs, throw the ball, and stand on 1 foot) that have been validated with the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children. In the child behavior videos, we estimated each child\'s position as a bounding box and extracted human keypoints within the box. In the first stage, the videos with the extracted human keypoints of each behavior were evaluated separately using a graph convolutional networks (GCN)-based algorithm. The probability values obtained for each label in the first-stage model were used as input for the second-stage model, the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, to predict the overall gross motor status. For interpretability, we used gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) to identify important moments and relevant body parts during the movements. The Shapley additive explanations method was used for the assessment of variable importance, to determine the movements that contributed the most to the overall developmental assessment.
RESULTS: Behavioral videos of 4 gross motor skills were collected from 147 children, resulting in a total of 2395 videos. The stage-1 GCN model to evaluate each behavior had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.79 to 0.90. Keypoint-mapping Grad-CAM visualization identified important moments in each behavior and differences in important body parts. The stage-2 XGBoost model to assess the overall gross motor status had an AUROC of 0.90. Among the 4 behaviors, \"go down the stairs\" contributed the most to the overall developmental assessment.
CONCLUSIONS: Using movement videos of toddlers aged 18-35 months, we developed objective and automated models to evaluate each behavior and assess each child\'s overall gross motor performance. We identified the important behaviors for assessing gross motor performance and developed methods to recognize important moments and body parts while evaluating gross motor performance.

Non-melanomatous skin cancers represent 80% of all newly diagnosed cancers in Australia with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most common. A previously healthy 71-year-old woman presented with widespread and tender superficial skin cancers on the lower bilateral limbs. External beam radiation therapy through the use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) was employed as the treatment modality of choice as this technique provides conformal dose distribution to a three-dimensional treatment volume while reducing toxicity to surrounding tissues. The patient was prescribed a dose of 60 Gy to the planning target volume (PTV) with 1.0 cm bolus over the ventral surface of each limb. The beam arrangement consisted of six treatment fields that avoided entry and exit through the contralateral limb. The treatment plans met the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) guidelines and produced highly conformal dosimetric results. Skin toxicity was measured against the National Cancer Institute: Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI: CTCAE) version 3. A well-tolerated treatment was delivered with excellent results given the initial extent of the disease. This case study has demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of IMRT for skin cancers as an alternative to surgery and traditional superficial radiation therapy, utilising a complex PTV of the extremities for patients with similar presentations.