人工耳蜗植入是治疗重度至重度听力损失儿童的一种安全可靠的治疗方法。这些医疗设备对儿童的主要好处是获得听力,这促进了口语的发展。本文回顾了已发表的文献,这些文献证明了许多因素对听力发育和语音识别的获得的预测作用。在许多变量中,这些变量有助于个体儿童在植入后的发展,植入时的年龄,医疗合并症的存在,健康的社会决定因素,提供双边和单方面听证的情况可能千差万别,并一贯显示出明显的影响。具体来说,植入年龄对于减少耳聋对发育中的听觉系统的影响和捕捉早期发育的显著可塑性至关重要。人工耳蜗植入后的语言发展需要强调听力和口头交流的治疗,教育,以及其他可能受到已知健康社会决定因素影响的支持;特别是,儿童的结局随着社会经济地位和父母教育水平的降低而下降.医学合并症也减慢了人工耳蜗植入后的进展速度。另一方面,在提供双耳听力的儿童中,植入的好处增加。总之,人工耳蜗可促进儿童听力的发展,并通过在双耳中提供早期的声音来达到最佳效果。这些益处可能受到已知的健康社会决定因素的限制,这些因素限制了获得所需支持和医疗合并症的机会,这进一步增加了护理和结果的复杂性。
Cochlear implantation is a safe and reliable treatment for children with severe to profound hearing loss. The primary benefit of these medical devices in children is the acquisition of hearing, which promotes development of spoken language. The present paper reviews published literature demonstrating predictive effects of a number of factors on acquisition of hearing development and speech recognition. Of the many variables that contribute to an individual child\'s development after implantation, age at implantation, the presence of medical comorbidities, social determinants of health, and the provision of bilateral versus unilateral hearing are those that can vary widely and have consistently shown clear impacts. Specifically, age of implantation is crucial to reduce effects of deafness on the developing auditory system and capture the remarkable plasticity of early development. Language development after cochlear implantation requires therapy emphasizing hearing and oral communication, education, and other support which can be influenced by known social determinants of health; specifically, outcomes in children decline with reductions in socioeconomic status and levels of parental education. Medical co-morbidities also slow rates of progress after cochlear implantation. On the other hand, benefits of implantation increase in children who are provided with access to hearing from both ears. In sum, cochlear implants promote development of hearing in children and the best outcomes are achieved by providing early access to sound in both ears. These benefits can be limited by known social determinants of health which restrict access to needed support and medical comorbidities which add further complexity in care and outcome.