藏红花(Crocussativus)加工的主要副产品是藏红花花瓣,大量生产但被丢弃。藏红花花瓣含有多种物质,包括生物碱,花青素,黄酮类化合物,糖苷,山奈酚,和矿物。药理调查显示抗菌,抗抑郁药,抗糖尿病药,抗高血压药,抗伤害性,抗痉挛,镇咳,保肝,免疫调节,藏红花花瓣的肾脏保护特性,基于它们的抗氧化剂,抗炎,和抗凋亡作用。核因子红系2相关因子2(Nrf2)信号通路保护氧化应激,致癌作用,和炎症。活化B细胞的核因子κ轻链增强子(NFB)是一种蛋白质复合物,涉及大约所有动物细胞,并参与不同的生物学程序,如凋亡,细胞生长,发展,脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)转录,免疫反应,和炎症。本文对藏红花及其化合物的药理特性进行了综述。以及它们相关的行动模式,特别是Nrf2和NF-B信号通路。不考虑时间限制,我们的团队使用搜索引擎或像PubMed这样的电子数据库进行了这次审查,Scopus,和WebofScience。藏红花花瓣及其主要成分可能对大脑等许多器官具有保护作用,结肠,心,接头,肝脏,肺,和胰腺通过几种机制,包括Nrf2/血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)/Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1(Keap1)信号级联,这将导致它的抗氧化剂,抗炎,抗凋亡,和治疗效果。
The primary by-product of saffron (Crocus sativus) processing is saffron petals, which are produced in large quantities but are discarded. The saffron petals contain a variety of substances, including alkaloids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, glycosides,
kaempferol, and minerals. Pharmacological investigations revealed the antibacterial, antidepressant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antinociceptive, antispasmodic, antitussive, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and renoprotective properties of saffron petals, which are based on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway protects against oxidative stress, carcinogenesis, and inflammation. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB) is a protein complex involved in approximately all animal cells and participates in different biological procedures such as apoptosis, cell growth, development, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) transcription, immune response, and inflammation. The pharmacological properties of saffron and its compounds are discussed in this
review, along with their associated modes of action, particularly the Nrf2 and NF-ĸB signaling pathways. Without considering a time constraint, our team conducted this
review using search engines or electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Saffron petals and their main constituents may have protective effects in numerous organs such as the brain, colon, heart, joints, liver, lung, and pancreas through several mechanisms, including the Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) signaling cascade, which would then result in its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and therapeutic effects.