UNASSIGNED: Isokinetic testing is a maximal muscle strength test which requires adequate patient\'s preparation and observer\'s care. While the available data suggests that isokinetic devices are safe, their use may rarely cause severe injuries. The screening of predisposing anatomical factors could help preventing injuries before testing.
UNASSIGNED: A 29-year-old athletic man presented an acute patellar dislocation on a healthy right knee during isokinetic muscle strength testing, which was conducted in the setting of an intensive physical rehabilitation program, for persistent left knee pain after arthroscopic surgery for meniscal tear. This is the first case to occur in an adult male without clear risk factors such as patellar dysplasia. Predisposing factors may include slightly elevated patellar tilt and lateral shift compared to the contralateral knee (researched from subsequent review of pre-injury X-rays), and an elevated quadricipital strength in the context of recreational bodybuilding. The dislocation occurred during eccentric extension phase of testing. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction was conducted 6 months later. Isokinetic muscle strength testing is generally considered as a safe method, despite limited data on the devices\' safety. Since severe injuries might rarely occur, adequate patient preparation is needed, as well as the screening of predisposing factors.

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of step load in hypoxia on the effectiveness of preoperative rehabilitation (PR) and hormone levels based on a case study. Introduction: We assessed the impact of variables such as rate of movement and time under tension (TUT) in normobaric hypoxia on the levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and erythropoietin (EPO). Additionally, the impact of step load on the hypertrophy and strength of knee extensors and flexors was assessed. Methods: The work uses a case study, the research subject of which was a 23-year-old female professional handball player. The tests included an isokinetic assessment of the peak torque of knee extensors and flexors as well as body composition analysis. Results: The results showed a more than (10.81-fold) increase in GH after the microcycle with time under tension (TUT). The deficit between the lower limbs was also reduced. Conclusions: Using a hypoxic environment based on an appropriate altitude, combined with changes such as a short rest break between sets and a controlled tempo of movement with an eccentric phase, TUT may offer an alternative to the PR process, especially among athletes who care about fast RTS.

Background The primary aim of this study was to compare knee and hip dynamic muscle strength of individuals with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome scheduled for hip arthroscopy with healthy controls. Our secondary aim was to compare hip and knee muscle strength between male and female patients with FAI syndrome. Methods One hundred and thirty-four individuals with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome scheduled for hip arthroscopy and 134 healthy controls matched for sex and age (within 5 years range) underwent an isokinetic assessment of knee extension and flexion and hip abduction, adduction, external rotation and internal rotation dynamic muscle strength. Two MANOVAs were conducted to compare isokinetic peak torque and total work between groups and sexes. Findings Individuals with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome demonstrated lower values of all variables representing knee and hip isokinetic peak torque and total work measures when compared to healthy controls, with differences ranging from 0.09 Nm/kg (95%CI: 0.06-0.12 Nm/kg) to 0.64 Nm/kg (95%CI: 0.49-0.79 Nm/kg). Female participants from both FAI syndrome and control group showed less knee and hip muscle strength compared to male participants. There was no significant interaction between group and sex regarding knee or hip isokinetic peak torque and total work (p > 0.05). Interpretation Individuals with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome scheduled for hip arthroscopy present impairments in knee or hip dynamic muscle strength when compared to controls. Female participants present less knee and hip muscular strength compared to male participants, these between-sex differences are similar for both FAI syndrome and control group participants.

A complete avulsion of the proximal rectus femoris muscle is a rare but severity injury. There is a lack of substantial information for its operative treatment and rehabilitation; in particular there is a lack of biomechanical data to evaluate long-term outcomes.
The case report presents the injury mechanism and surgical treatment of a complete avulsion of the proximal rectus femoris muscle in a 41-year-old recreational endurance athlete. Moreover, within a one-year follow-up period, different biomechanical tests were performed to get more functional insights into changes in neuromuscular control, structural muscle characteristics, and endurance performance. Within the first month post-surgery, an almost total neuromuscular inhibition of the rectus femoris muscle was present. A stepwise reduction in inter-limb compensations was observable (e.g., in crank torque during cycling) during the rehabilitation. Muscular intra-limb compensations were shown at six months post-surgery and even one year after surgery, which were also represented in the long-term adaption of the muscle characteristics and leg volumes. A changed motor control strategy was shown by asymmetric muscle activation patterns during ergometer cycling, while the power output was almost symmetric. During rehabilitation, there might be a benefit to normalizing neuromuscular muscle activation in ergometer cycling using higher loads.
While the endurance performance recovered after six months, asymmetries in neuromuscular control and structural muscle characteristics indicate the long-term presence of inter- and intra-limb compensation strategies.

BACKGROUND: Infrared thermographic imaging (IRTG) is a safe and reliable technology used to monitor skin temperature. The main aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between skin temperature changes and muscle fatigue in order to answer the main research question if IRTG can be used to monitor muscle fatigue.
METHODS: This was a case study performed on a 23-year-old trained middle distance runner. After warm-up the subject was exercising on the dynamometer for 7.5 min at 120°/s performing only concentric contractions of quadriceps. At the same time IRTG recording of both (exercising and non-exercising) quadriceps was performed.
RESULTS: A correlational analysis that was performed in order to quantify the relationship between power and temperature change over time has shown that there is a significant negative correlation between skin temperature increase and power decrease (r = -0.543, p = 0.036) of exercising quadriceps. In linear regression model the exercising quadriceps power could be predicted from skin temperature. No such relationships were noted for the non-exercising limb that served as a control.
CONCLUSIONS: We believe that correlation between skin temperature change and muscle power output as described in this case study deserves further analysis on the larger sample including subjects of the different ages, health status, and physical abilities in order to create a new tool for monitoring the muscle fatigue.

BACKGROUND: Kinesiotaping (KT) has been commonly used in clinical setting. However, beneficial KT effects have not been proved yet.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to verify the effects of KT in knee extensor torque in children with CP.
METHODS: We evaluated three children diagnosed as spastic CP, classified as level I, II and III, according with GMFCS. Knee extensor peak torque was analyzed by isokinetic evaluation (Biodex Multi Joint System). The test was performed at 60°/s in the concentric passive mode and the children performed maximal contractions. Children with CP were evaluated with and without KT under rectus femoris.
RESULTS: After KT application, knee peak torque of the affected limb increased in children with CP.
CONCLUSIONS: KT may increase muscle strength in children with CP.

Acute compartment syndrome of the thigh is an underestimated serious pathology which can cause long term morbidities. The management, recovery and follow-up of the case of a 20-year-old Caucasian man, who presented an acute compartment syndrome of the thigh, are described. After femoral fracture reduction and fixation by nail, intramuscular pressure measurements confirmed the diagnosis before treatment by fasciotomies. 12-months\' follow-up showed the presence of neurological femoral complications and physical impairment in spite of rehabilitation care. Because compartment syndrome of the thigh after a trauma is rare but potentially devastating, prompt diagnosis is required for performing early fasciotomies.