illegal

非法
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目前,非法野生动物贸易是世界上最赚钱的非法企业之一。我们研究的目的是确定斯洛文尼亚野生动物贸易的情况,主要是过境国,在申根边界变更生效之前。贸易量很大,但不广泛。斯洛文尼亚参与非法贸易的最常见濒危物种是棕熊,猎鹰,日期贻贝,女士的拖鞋兰花,常见的雪花莲,仙客来,海龟,水獭,和各种爬行动物物种。走私贝壳(日期贝壳),象牙(象牙制品),某些植物,和各种狩猎奖杯(熊,大型猫科动物)近年来有所减少。然而,打击犯罪对于保护斯洛文尼亚的某些物种仍然很重要,尤其是山猫,减少偷猎。在侦查和预防野生动物犯罪方面需要改进,特别是鉴于申根边界的变化以及随之而来的斯洛文尼亚新贸易伙伴的加入。缺乏经过适当培训的人,检测,调查野生动物犯罪尤其严重。
    Currently, the illegal wildlife trade is one of the most profitable illegal enterprises in the world. The aim of our study was to determine the situation with respect to wildlife trade in Slovenia, which is mainly a transit country, before changes to the Schengen borders came into effect. The volume of trade is significant but not extensive. The most common endangered species involved in illegal trade in Slovenia are the brown bear, the peregrine falcon, the date mussel, the lady\'s slipper orchid, the common snowdrop, the cyclamen, the sea turtle, the otter, and various reptile species. The smuggling of shells (date shells), ivory (ivory products), certain plants, and various hunting trophies (bears, big cats) has decreased in recent years. Nevertheless, counteracting crimes continues to be important for the conservation of some species in Slovenia, notably the lynx, and for the reduction of poaching. Improvements are needed in the detection and prevention of wildlife crime, especially in light of changes made to the Schengen borders and the consequent inclusion of new trading partners for Slovenia. The lack of people properly trained to identify, detect, and investigate wildlife crime is especially acute.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    当前的COVID-19大流行正在引起全球健康和经济危机,但是对于那些卫生条件差的新兴国家来说,后果更糟。小规模个体渔民(SSAF)应被视为“基本工人”,因为他们提供食品服务;然而,COVID-19可能改变了已经边缘化的部门的正常生活,降低了人们的经济收入。这种情况凸显了渔民的脆弱性,来自气候变化引起的鱼类种群变化,污染,过度收获,和非正式工作(非法,未报告和无管制的捕捞)。因此,所谓的“新常态”对发展中国家沿海地区和渔业的管理提出了重大问题。作为一个研究案例,我们提议从阿根廷河口探索SSAF,巴伊亚布兰卡河口(西南大西洋)。在2012年当地政府实施的重新转换计划之后,其中大多数都不受监管。在审查了当前的COVID-19沿海渔业立法并与SSAF进行了虚拟接触之后,我们观察到他们正在努力应对大流行造成的经济危机。根据我们的观察,必须采取必要措施防止该地区的渔业崩溃。在这项工作中,我们为大流行后的渔业管理提供了一个参考点,可以在新兴的公共政策中考虑。
    The current COVID-19 pandemic is causing health and economic crises worldwide, but consequences are worse for those emerging countries with poor sanitary conditions struggling against economic recessions. Small-scale artisanal fishers (SSAF) should be considered among the \"essential workers\" since they provide food services; however, the COVID-19 might have altered the normal livelihood and reduced people economic incomes in an already marginalized sector. This situation highlights the fishers\' vulnerability, derived from changes in fish stocks caused by climate change, pollution, overharvesting, and informal work (illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing). Therefore, the so-called \"new normality\" raises big questions about the management of coastal areas and fisheries in developing countries. As a study case, we proposed exploring SSAF from an Argentinian estuary, the Bahía Blanca estuary (SW Atlantic Ocean). Most of them are unregulated after a reconversion program carried out by the local government in 2012. After reviewing the current COVID-19 legislation for coastal fisheries and having virtual encounters with SSAF, we observed they are struggling against the economic crisis caused by the pandemic. According to our observations, imperative measures must be taken to prevent fisheries collapse in the area. In this work, we present a reference point for the post-pandemic management of fisheries that could be considered for emerging public policies.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    Though coronary artery disease primarily occurs in those over the age of 40 years, younger individuals who use recreational drugs may be afflicted with coronary events. Cannabis is one such perilous agent that can cause myocardial infarction (MI) and is one of the most common psychoactive drugs used worldwide. Cannabis (also known as marijuana, weed, pot, dope or grass) is the most widely used illegal drug in the UK. The desired euphoric effects are immediate, as are life-threatening hazardous ones. In this article, we briefly describe a case series of two unique but similar cases of cannabis-induced ST-elevation MI witnessed at our hospital in quick succession. We will analyse the composite pathophysiology in acute coronary syndromes provoked by cannabis and discuss the evolving legality around the use of the drug.
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  • 文章类型: Case Reports
    尽管实施了《终止妊娠选择法》(CTOP),在南非,许多妇女继续非法堕胎。缺乏对《CTOP法》的了解以及公共卫生设施中合法堕胎的机会不足是一个巨大的挑战。在CTOP法案的范围内,终止妊娠是一项有时间限制的卫生服务,在妊娠中期,被送往医疗机构的妇女在获得服务方面遇到了更多障碍。
    Despite the implementation of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy (CTOP) Act, many women continue to procure illegal abortions in South Africa. A lack of knowledge of the CTOP Act and poor access to legal abortion in public health facilities is a big challenge. In the scope of the CTOP Act, the termination of pregnancy is a time-restricted health service, and women presented to a health care facility in the second trimester have encounter more obstacles to access the services.
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