癌症是一种影响数百万人的复杂疾病,仍然是全球主要的公共卫生问题。常规癌症治疗,包括手术,化疗,免疫疗法,和放射治疗,有有限的成就和多重弊端,其中包括健康组织损伤和多药耐药表型的发作。越来越多的证据表明,许多植物的天然产物,以及它们的生物活性化合物,与常规抗癌药物相比,具有有希望的抗癌活性并表现出最小的毒性。然而,它们在癌症治疗中的广泛使用受到水溶性限制的严重限制,吸收,缺乏稳定性,生物利用度,和选择性瞄准。将纳米制剂用于植物天然产品的运输和递送可能有助于克服这些限制,从而提高其治疗效果,为改进抗癌治疗策略提供依据。本综述旨在提供一些植物化合物(姜黄素,白藜芦醇,槲皮素,和大麻素,除其他外)和它们的主要纳米制剂显示出抗肿瘤活性,在体外和体内,对抗乳腺癌和结肠直肠癌等不同类型的人类癌症,淋巴瘤,恶性黑色素瘤,多形性胶质母细胞瘤,和骨肉瘤.还研究了植物化合物抗癌活性的细胞内途径以及纳米制剂使用的主要优势。最后,这篇综述批判性地分析了导致植物化合物和纳米制剂临床翻译成功有限的研究空白和局限性。
Cancer is a complex disease that affects millions of people and remains a major public health problem worldwide. Conventional cancer treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, have limited achievements and multiple drawbacks, among which are healthy tissue damage and multidrug-resistant phenotype onset. Increasing evidence shows that many plants\' natural products, as well as their bioactive compounds, have promising anticancer activity and exhibit minimal toxicity compared to conventional anticancer drugs. However, their widespread use in cancer therapy is severely restricted by limitations in terms of their water solubility, absorption, lack of stability, bioavailability, and selective targeting. The use of nanoformulations for plants\' natural product transportation and delivery could be helpful in overcoming these limitations, thus enhancing their therapeutic efficacy and providing the basis for improved anticancer treatment strategies. The present
review is aimed at providing an update on some phytocompounds (curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, and cannabinoids, among others) and their main nanoformulations showing antitumor activities, both in vitro and in vivo, against such different human cancer types as breast and colorectal cancer, lymphomas, malignant melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme, and osteosarcoma. The intracellular pathways underlying phytocompound anticancer activity and the main advantages of nanoformulation employment are also examined. Finally, this
review critically analyzes the research gaps and limitations causing the limited success of phytocompounds\' and nanoformulations\' clinical translation.