纵隔淋巴结病是指一个或多个纵隔淋巴结因恶性或良性原因而增大的疾病。一般超过10毫米。很长一段时间,接近纵隔的唯一方法是手术，而在过去的几十年中，内窥镜技术在肿瘤性疾病中发挥了作用。目前,EBUS是在怀疑癌症的情况下研究纵隔的首选技术，而良性纵隔淋巴结病的研究指南中没有强有力的适应症。我们回顾了文献，寻找EBUS在非肿瘤性纵隔淋巴结病诊断中的作用的证据，特别关注肉芽肿病，传染性和非传染性。EBUS是非肿瘤性纵隔淋巴结病手术的可靠替代方法，即使除了结核和结节病以外的肉芽肿性疾病需要更多的证据。
Mediastinal lymphadenopathy is a condition in which one or more mediastinal lymph nodes are enlarged for malignant or benign causes, generally more than 10 mm. For a long time, the only way to approach the mediastinum was surgery, while in last decades endoscopic techniques gained their role in neoplastic diseases. At the present time, EBUS is the technique of choice for studying the mediastinum in the suspicion of cancer, while there are not strong indications in guidelines for the study of benign mediastinal lymphadenopathy. We reviewed the literature, looking for evidence of the role of EBUS in the diagnostics of non-neoplastic mediastinal lymphadenopathy, with special regard for granulomatous disease, both infectious and non-infectious. EBUS is a reliable alternative to surgery in non-neoplastic mediastinal lymphadenopathy, even if more evidence is needed for granulomatous diseases other than tuberculosis and sarcoidosis.
