温度升高,热浪,年降水量的减少都是气候变化(CC)的表现,强烈影响南欧的面包小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)谷物产量。温度是植物物候发育的主要驱动力,这些变化也对小麦物候有影响,可能对谷物质量产生影响,和谷蛋白积累。这里,通过在博洛尼亚平原(意大利北部)的案例研究,我们评估了CC在该地区的影响,对面包小麦物候发育的影响,以及对谷物面筋品质的影响。自1952年以来,该地区的年平均气温呈上升趋势,1989年确定了一个断点,从12.7℃上升到14.1℃,伴随着干旱增加的信号,即,增加地下水位深度。在断点前后的两个15年期间比较了面包小麦的物候发展,即,1952-1966年(过去),2006-2020年(本期),最新的特点是干旱和气温升高。与过去时期相比,当前时期观察到达到主要物候阶段所需的时间显着缩短,最终缩短了整个生命周期。这种减少,以及较高的温度状态,影响谷蛋白在灌浆过程中的积累,如出现的那样,分析了在温度断点之前和之后在该地区收获的相同品种的谷物样品中的面筋成分。特别是,面筋聚合物的比例(即,麦醇溶蛋白,高分子量和低分子量谷蛋白,及其比率)与籽粒灌浆过程中积累的累积生长天数(CGDDs)具有很强的显着相关性。在此期间CGDD值较高,典型的南欧CC,考虑到更高的温度和更快的谷物填充,与麦醇溶蛋白相关,高分子量谷蛋白,以及它们与低分子量谷蛋白的比例。总之,本文报告,数据可能有助于评估CC对小麦物候和品质的影响,代表了一种用于预测目的和农民决策支持系统的工具,以及可以指导未来品种创新的育种选择。
Increasing temperatures, heat waves, and reduction of annual precipitation are all the expressions of climate change (CC), strongly affecting bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield in Southern Europe. Being temperature the major driving force of plants\' phenological development, these variations also have effects on wheat phenology, with possible consequences on grain quality, and
gluten protein accumulation. Here, through a
case study in the Bolognese Plain (North of Italy), we assessed the effects of CC in the area, the impacts on bread wheat phenological development, and the consequences on grain
gluten quality. The increasing trend in mean annual air temperature in the area since 1952 was significant, with a breakpoint identified in 1989, rising from 12.7 to 14.1°C, accompanied by the signals of increasing aridity, i.e., increase in water table depth. Bread wheat phenological development was compared in two 15-year periods before and after the breakpoint, i.e., 1952-1966 (past period), and 2006-2020 (present period), the latest characterized by aridity and increased temperatures. A significant shortening of the chronological time necessary to reach the main phenological phases was observed for the present period compared to the past period, finally shortening the whole life cycle. This reduction, as well as the higher temperature regime, affected gluten accumulation during the grain-filling process, as emerged analyzing
gluten composition in grain samples of the same variety harvested in the area both before and after the breakpoint in temperature. In particular, the proportion of
gluten polymers (i.e., gliadins, high and low molecular weight glutenins, and their ratio) showed a strong and significant correlation with cumulative growing degree days (CGDDs) accumulated during the grain filling. Higher CGDD values during the period, typical of CC in Southern Europe, accounting for higher temperature and faster grain filling, correlated with gliadins, high molecular weight glutenins, and their proportion with low molecular weight glutenins. In summary, herein reported, data might contribute to assessing the effects of CC on wheat phenology and quality, representing a tool for both predictive purposes and decision supporting systems for farmers, as well as can guide future breeding choices for varietal innovation.