甲型流感病毒（IAV）对公共卫生和粮食安全构成了重大的全球威胁。特别令人担忧的是禽流感病毒（AIV）亚型H5N1，它已从欧洲传播到北美和中美洲/南美。这篇综述介绍了鸟类IAV进化的最新进展，哺乳动物,智利的人类。智利与IAV的遭遇始于2002年，与高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H7N3病毒，源自一种独特的南美低致病性禽流感（LPAI）病毒。2016-2017年，LPAIH7N6在土耳其爆发疫情，与智利和玻利维亚的野生鸟类有关。2009年的甲型H1N1流感（H1N1）2009（H1N1）病毒降低了火鸡的产蛋量。自2012年以来，在后院家禽和猪中出现了多种IAV亚型。重配AIV,整合了来自北美和南美分离株的基因，自2007年以来一直在野生鸟类中发现。值得注意的是,从2022年12月开始，在野生鸟类中检测到H5N1型HPAI，海狮,一个人类,沿着智利的北海岸。它是通过北美的大西洋迁徙航线引入的。这些发现强调需要加强家禽养殖场的生物安全和持续的基因组监测，以了解和管理智利野生和家养鸟类种群的AIV。
The influenza A virus (IAV) poses a significant global threat to public health and food security. Particularly concerning is the avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H5N1, which has spread from Europe to North and Central/South America. This
review presents recent developments in IAV evolution in birds, mammals, and humans in Chile. Chile\'s encounter with IAV began in 2002, with the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N3 virus, derived from a unique South American low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus. In 2016-2017, LPAI H7N6 caused outbreaks in turkey, linked to wild birds in Chile and Bolivia. The pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (H1N1pdm09) virus in 2009 decreased egg production in turkeys. Since 2012, diverse IAV subtypes have emerged in backyard poultry and pigs. Reassortant AIVs, incorporating genes from both North and South American isolates, have been found in wild birds since 2007. Notably, from December 2022, HPAI H5N1 was detected in wild birds, sea lions, and a human, along Chile\'s north coast. It was introduced through Atlantic migratory flyways from North America. These findings emphasize the need for enhanced biosecurity on poultry farms and ongoing genomic surveillance to understand and manage AIVs in both wild and domestic bird populations in Chile.
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