金属和准金属在城市地区普遍存在且持久存在,通常以混合物形式释放到环境中。
这项研究的目的是在美国大量城市人口中建立胎粪样品中选定元素的基线浓度,并了解浓度的空间变异性。还评估了金属混合物与出生体重的关系。
这项横断面研究是在纽约市的五家公立医院进行的,纽约(NYC)在四个行政区。我们在分娩后的最初24小时内收集了116名婴儿的胎粪样本,并使用ICP-MS定量了11种金属。主成分分析用于确定金属混合物及其与出生体重的关系。使用Getis-Ord(GI*)计算每种金属的空间热点。
在所有样品中检测到必需元素,其中Zn的丰度最高(中位数=274.5μg/g),Mo的丰度最低(中位数=0.1845μg/g)。除两个样品外,所有样品中均检测到铅(中位数=0.0222μg/g),而在大约一半的样品中检测到Cd水平(中位数=0.0019μg/g)。检测到铜的共定位热点,Zn,布鲁克林东南部的Fe;Cd,Cr,皇后区东部的Ni;皇后区南部的Al和Mo。Pb浓度(β=-1935.7;p=0.006)与Cr的混合物之间存在显着的反比关系,Cu,Mo,锌(β=-157.7;p=0.045)和出生体重。
我们的研究结果表明,胎粪是测量城市人口中金属暴露的有效生物标志物。我们能够量化研究中测得的11种金属中的10种的可检测水平,并在纽约市新生儿队列中表征营养必需的微量元素和源自人为来源的金属,而无需生物学。进一步的研究需要建立从必要到有毒的变化点,对于基本要素。
Metals and metalloids are ubiquitous and persistent in urban areas and are generally released into the environment as mixtures.
The purpose of this study was to establish baseline concentrations of selected elements in meconium samples among a large urban population in the US and understand the spatial variability in concentrations. The association of metal mixtures on birth weight was also assessed.
This cross-sectional study was conducted across five public hospitals located in New York City, NY (NYC) in four boroughs. We collected meconium sample from 116 infants during the first 24 h after delivery and quantified 11 metals using ICP-MS. Principal component analysis was used to determine metal mixtures and their association with birth weight. Spatial hot spots of each metal were calculated using the Getis-Ord (GI*).
Essential elements were detected in all samples with Zn in the greatest abundance (median = 274.5 μg/g) and Mo in the least (median = 0.1845 μg/g). Pb was detected in all but two samples (median = 0.0222 μg/g), while Cd levels were detected in approximately half of the samples (median = 0.0019 μg/g). Co-located hot spots were detected for Cu, Zn, and Fe in southeast Brooklyn; Cd, Cr, and Ni in eastern Queens; and Al and Mo in south Queens. There was a significant inverse relationship between Pb concentrations (beta = -1935.7; p = 0.006) and the mixture of Cr, Cu, Mo, Zn (beta = -157.7; p = 0.045) and birth weight.
Our findings indicate that meconium is an effective biomarker for measuring metal exposures among an urban population. We were able to quantify detectable levels of ten of the eleven metals measured in the study and characterize nutritionally necessary trace elements and metals derived from anthropogenic sources without biologic need in a cohort of NYC newborns. Further research needs to establish the change point from necessary to toxic, for the essential elements.