背景:布拉氏酵母菌,一种经过充分研究的益生菌,可以有效治疗具有多种病理生理学的炎症性胃肠道疾病,如炎症性肠病(IBD),以及细菌介导的或肠毒素介导的腹泻和炎症。
目的:探讨布拉氏球菌肠道抗炎作用的作用机制。
方法:回顾与该益生菌的抗炎作用相关的文献。
结果:已经确定了针对宿主和病原微生物的几种作用机制。布拉氏链球菌和布拉氏链球菌分泌蛋白通过干扰炎症核因子κB的整体介质来抑制促炎细胞因子的产生,和调节丝裂原活化蛋白激酶ERK1/2和p38的活性。布拉氏链球菌激活过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ(PPAR-γ)的表达,防止肠道炎症和IBD。布拉氏链球菌还抑制“细菌过度生长”和宿主细胞粘附,释放一种蛋白酶,该蛋白酶切割艰难梭菌毒素A及其肠受体,并刺激针对毒素A的抗体产生。最近的结果表明,布拉氏链球菌可能通过将T细胞捕获在肠系膜淋巴结中来干扰IBD的发病机理。
结论:布拉氏链球菌发挥的多种抗炎机制提供了分子解释,支持其在肠道炎症状态中的有效性。
BACKGROUND: Saccharomyces boulardii, a well-studied probiotic, can be effective in inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases with diverse pathophysiology, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and bacterially mediated or enterotoxin-mediated diarrhoea and inflammation.
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the mechanisms of action involved in the intestinal anti-inflammatory action of S. boulardii.
METHODS: Review of the literature related to the anti-inflammatory effects of this probiotic.
RESULTS: Several mechanisms of action have been identified directed against the host and pathogenic microorganisms. S. boulardii and S. boulardii secreted-protein(s) inhibit production of proinflammatory cytokines by interfering with the global mediator of inflammation nuclear factor kappaB, and modulating the activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/2 and p38. S. boulardii activates expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) that protects from gut inflammation and IBD. S. boulardii also suppresses \'bacteria overgrowth\' and host cell adherence, releases a protease that cleaves C. difficile toxin A and its intestinal receptor and stimulates antibody production against toxin A. Recent results indicate that S. boulardii may interfere with IBD pathogenesis by trapping T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes.
CONCLUSIONS: The multiple anti-inflammatory mechanisms exerted by S. boulardii provide molecular explanations supporting its effectiveness in intestinal inflammatory states.