Coronoid hyperplasia is one of the rare causes of progressive limitation of mouth opening due to impingement of the enlarged coronoid process of the mandible on the zygomatic bone. A review was performed on all cases reports and case series on coronoid hyperplasia. Gender, age at treatment, age of onset, types of hyperplasia (unilateral/bilateral), associated history, treatment, surgical approach, preoperative mouth opening, intraoperative mouth opening, mouth opening at follow up and follow up period were recorded and analyzed. A total of 82 articles which reported 115 cases were included. Coronoid hyperplasia was commonly reported at mean age of 22.64 years old with male preponderance. Most of the cases were diagnosed and treated between the age of 11-20 years old. This condition commonly involved bilateral coronoid process of mandible. The mean width of preoperative mouth opening was 16.5mm and was improved to a mean mouth opening of 36.3mm intraoperatively. Mean mouth opening was 34.8mm at an average follow up of 19 months. While the etiopathogenesis of coronoid hyperplasia is still not conclusive, treatment with either coronoidectomy or coronoidotomy produced good improvement in mouth opening.

Bilateral cavernous carotid aneurysms (CCAs) are often not amenable to neurosurgical clipping or endovascular coiling. Here, we report the case of a 50-year-old female who presented with a 1-year history of gradual severe headache. Preoperative angiograms revealed bilateral CCAs. Among these findings, the right giant CCA had been trapped after the external carotid artery-saphenous vein-middle cerebral artery (ECA-SV-MCA) bypass 8 years prior. Additionally, the left CCA was again trapped after the internal maxillary artery-radial artery-middle cerebral artery (IMA-RA-MCA) bypass, followed by parent artery occlusion (PAO), because of the enlargement of a 0.4-cm aneurysm to a 1.3-cm aneurysm during the 5th to 8th years following surgery. Postoperative radiologic findings proved that the aneurysms disappeared with good graft patency of the bilateral anastomoses and excellent filling of the bilateral MCA territories. This is the first case of bilateral CCAs treated with two stages of bilateral high-flow extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass, including an IMA-RA-MCA bypass.